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Digital image watermarking is the process of embedding and extracting a watermark covertly on a cover-image. To dynamically adapt image watermarking algorithms, deep learning-based image watermarking schemes have attracted increased…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Xin Zhong , Pei-Chi Huang , Spyridon Mastorakis , Frank Y. Shih

Watermarking is a technique that involves embedding nearly unnoticeable statistical signals within generated content to help trace its source. This work focuses on a scenario where an untrusted third-party user sends prompts to a trusted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Xingchi Li , Guanxun Li , Xianyang Zhang

Potential harms of large language models can be mitigated by watermarking model output, i.e., embedding signals into generated text that are invisible to humans but algorithmically detectable from a short span of tokens. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 John Kirchenbauer , Jonas Geiping , Yuxin Wen , Jonathan Katz , Ian Miers , Tom Goldstein

In this paper we present a novel deep framework for a watermarking - a technique of embedding a transparent message into an image in a way that allows retrieving the message from a (perturbed) copy, so that copyright infringement can be…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Marcin Plata , Piotr Syga

In the watermark detection scenario, also known as zero-bit watermarking, a watermark, carrying no hidden message, is inserted in content. The watermark detector checks for the presence of this particular weak signal in content. The article…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Teddy Furon

Generative models have rapidly evolved to generate realistic outputs. However, their synthetic outputs increasingly challenge the clear distinction between natural and AI-generated content, necessitating robust watermarking techniques.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Kasra Arabi , R. Teal Witter , Chinmay Hegde , Niv Cohen

Estimation of the Embedding capacity is an important problem specifically in reversible multi-pass watermarking and is required for analysis before any image can be watermarked. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for estimating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-02-08 Rishabh Iyer , Rushikesh Borse , Ronak Shah , Subhasis Chaudhuri

Watermarking enables GenAI providers to verify whether content was generated by their models. A watermark is a hidden signal in the content, whose presence can be detected using a secret watermark key. A core security threat are forgery…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Toluwani Aremu , Noor Hussein , Munachiso Nwadike , Samuele Poppi , Jie Zhang , Karthik Nandakumar , Neil Gong , Nils Lukas

The goal of 3D mesh watermarking is to embed the message in 3D meshes that can withstand various attacks imperceptibly and reconstruct the message accurately from watermarked meshes. The watermarking algorithm is supposed to withstand…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Xingyu Zhu , Guanhui Ye , Xiapu Luo , Xuetao Wei

Generative models that can produce realistic images have improved significantly in recent years. The quality of the generated content has increased drastically, so sometimes it is very difficult to distinguish between the real images and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Mikhail Pautov , Danil Ivanov , Andrey V. Galichin , Oleg Rogov , Ivan Oseledets

Machine Learning is becoming a pivotal aspect of many systems today, offering newfound performance on classification and prediction tasks, but this rapid integration also comes with new unforeseen vulnerabilities. To harden these systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Ahmed Abdou , Ryan Sheatsley , Yohan Beugin , Tyler Shipp , Patrick McDaniel

Deep learning has achieved tremendous success in numerous industrial applications. As training a good model often needs massive high-quality data and computation resources, the learned models often have significant business values. However,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Jie Zhang , Dongdong Chen , Jing Liao , Han Fang , Weiming Zhang , Wenbo Zhou , Hao Cui , Nenghai Yu

Multiple watermarking technique, embedding several watermarks in one carrier, has enabled many interesting applications. In this study, a novel multiple watermarking algorithm is proposed based on the spirit of spread transform dither…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-01-19 Xinchao Li , Ju Liu , Jiande Sun , Xiaohui Yang , Wei Liu

Watermarking is an important copyright protection technology which generally embeds the identity information into the carrier imperceptibly. Then the identity can be extracted to prove the copyright from the watermarked carrier even after…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Sulong Ge , Zhihua Xia , Jianwei Fei , Xingming Sun , Jian Weng

The state of the art performance of deep learning models comes at a high cost for companies and institutions, due to the tedious data collection and the heavy processing requirements. Recently, [35, 22] proposed to watermark convolutional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Erwan Le Merrer , Patrick Perez , Gilles Trédan

We introduce models and algorithmic foundations for graph watermarking. Our frameworks include security definitions and proofs, as well as characterizations when graph watermarking is algorithmically feasible, in spite of the fact that the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-06-01 David Eppstein , Michael T. Goodrich , Jenny Lam , Nil Mamano , Michael Mitzenmacher , Manuel Torres

Watermarking is a key technique for detecting AI-generated text. In this work, we study its vulnerabilities and introduce the Smoothing Attack, a novel watermark removal method. By leveraging the relationship between the model's confidence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Hongyan Chang , Hamed Hassani , Reza Shokri

This paper introduces Bayesian supervised and unsupervised segmentation algorithms aimed at oceanic segmentation of SAR images. The data term, \emph{i.e}., the density of the observed backscattered signal given the region, is modeled by a…

Applications · Statistics 2010-07-29 Sónia Pelizzari , José M. Bioucas-Dias

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to applications such as question answering and content creation, reliable content attribution has become increasingly important. Watermarking is a promising approach, but most existing methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ya Jiang , Massieh Kordi Boroujeny , Surender Suresh Kumar , Kai Zeng

Digital watermarking technology has a wide range of applications in video distribution and copyright protection due to its excellent invisibility and convenient traceability. This paper proposes a robust blind watermarking algorithm using…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Qinwei Chang , Leichao Huang , Shaoteng Liu , Hualuo Liu , Tianshu Yang , Yexin Wang