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We define biprops as a generalization of coloured props and of symmetric weak multicategories. These are bicategories whose objects form a free monoid. They are equipped with some structure resembling a symmetric strict tensor product. We…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Volodymyr Lyubashenko

We introduce the notion of a braiding on a skew monoidal category, whose curious feature is that the defining isomorphisms involve three objects rather than two. These braidings are shown to arise from, and classify, cobraidings (also known…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-29 John Bourke , Stephen Lack

This is a condensed overview of the formal theory of monads in a 2-category. We also define two double categories of monads in a 2-category, extending Lack and Street's 2-categories of monads.

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Aaron David Fairbanks

Just as knots and links can be algebraically described as certain morphisms in the category of tangles in 3 dimensions, compact surfaces smoothly embedded in R^4 can be described as certain 2-morphisms in the 2-category of `2-tangles in 4…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 John C. Baez , Laurel Langford

We give an alternative presentation of braided monoidal categories. Instead of the usual associativity and braiding we have just one constraint (the b-structure). In the unital case, the coherence conditions for a b-structure are shown to…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2013-07-24 Alexei Davydov , Ingo Runkel

Just as links may be algebraically described as certain morphisms in the category of tangles, compact surfaces smoothly embedded in R^4 may be described as certain 2-morphisms in the 2-category of `2-tangles in 4 dimensions'. In this…

q-alg · Mathematics 2008-02-03 John C. Baez , Laurel Langford

Bicategories of spans are characterized as cartesian bicategories in which every comonad has an Eilenberg-Moore ob ject and every left adjoint arrow is comonadic.

Category Theory · Mathematics 2010-09-10 Stephen Lack , R. F. C. Walters , R. J. Wood

We construct a category equivalent to the category $\mathbf{Mon}$ of monoids and monoid homomorphisms, based on categories with strict factorization systems. This equivalence is then extended to the category $\mathbf{Mon_s}$ of unital…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Xavier Mary

As an example of the categorical apparatus of pseudo algebras over 2-theories, we show that pseudo algebras over the 2-theory of categories can be viewed as pseudo double categories with folding or as appropriate 2-functors into…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2011-11-09 Thomas M. Fiore

A multicategory is what remains of a monoidal category when monoidal product is not available. A weak multicategory means that hom-sets are in fact categories, and in place of usual equations, there are natural isomorphisms, which have to…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Volodymyr Lyubashenko

Expansion of the categorical point of view on many areas of the mathematics and mathematical physics will cause to deeper understanding of genuine features of these problems. New applications of categorical methods are connected with new…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2008-06-03 S. S. Moskaliuk , A. T. Vlassov

We build a concrete and natural model for the strict 2-category of orbifolds. In particular we prove that if one localizes the 2-category of proper etale Lie groupoids at a class of 1-arrows that we call "covers", then the strict 2-category…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-09-02 Eugene Lerman

We show that, with some technical conditions, an abelian category can be embedded into the category of bimodules over a ring. The case of semisimple rigid monoidal categories is studied in more detail.

Category Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Phung Ho Hai

We provide a complete generators and relations presentation of the 2-dimensional extended unoriented and oriented bordism bicategories as symmetric monoidal bicategories. Thereby we classify these types of 2-dimensional extended topological…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2014-08-05 Christopher J. Schommer-Pries

The internal bialgebroid -- in a symmetric monoidal category with coequalizers -- is defined. The axioms are formulated in terms of internal entwining structures and alternatively, in terms of internal corings. The Galois property of the…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Gabriella Böhm

It is well-known that small categories have equivalent descriptions as partial monoids. We provide a formulation of partial monoid and partial monoid homomorphism involving $s$ and $t$ instead of identities and then following a recent…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-02 Rachel A. D. Martins

This paper introduces the notion of weakly globular double categories, a particular class of strict double categories, as a way to model weak 2-categories; it explores its use in defining a double category of fractions, and shows that the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2013-03-28 Simona Paoli , Dorette Pronk

When designing plans in engineering, it is often necessary to consider attributes associated to objects, e.g. the location of a robot. Our aim in this paper is to incorporate attributes into existing categorical formalisms for planning,…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-27 Spencer Breiner , John S. Nolan

We show that every braiding on a monoidal bicategory induces a monoidal structure on its bicategory of monoids, such that if the former is sylleptic or symmetric then the latter is braided or symmetric, respectively. This extends a classic…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Raffael Stenzel

A construction of Kleisli objects in 2-categories of noncartesian internal categories or categories internal to monoidal categories is presented.

Category Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-23 Tomasz Brzeziński , Adrian Vazquez Marquez