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Related papers: Interstellar extinction and interstellar polarizat…

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Interstellar dust grains efficiently absorb and scatter UV and optical radiation in galaxies, and therefore can significantly affect the apparent structure of spiral galaxies. We discuss the effect of dust attenuation on the observed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Maarten Baes , Dimitri Gadotti , Joris Verstappen , Ilse De Looze , Jacopo Fritz , Edgardo Vidal Perez , Marko Stalevski

Extinction by intergalactic gray dust introduces a magnitude redshift dependent offset in the standard-candle relation of SN Ia. This leads to overestimated luminosity distances compared to a dust-free universe. Quantifying the amplitude of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Pier Stefano Corasaniti

Planets reflect and linearly polarize the radiation that they receive from their host stars. The emergent polarization is sensitive to aspects of the planet atmosphere such as the gas composition and the occurrence of condensates and their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-28 Antonio García Muñoz

Results from IRAS and recent X-ray and optical surveys are reviewed to discuss the properties and nature of the interstellar medium in elliptical galaxies. As to the dust component, there is a strong contrast with the situation among spiral…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paul Goudfrooij

The dust extinction curve is typically parameterized by a single variable, R(V), in optical and near-infrared wavelengths. R(V) controls the slope of the extinction-vs.-wavelength curve, and is thought to reflect the grain-size distribution…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-06-26 Gregory M. Green , Xiangyu Zhang , Ruoyi Zhang

Investigating the chemical complexity of the interstellar medium (ISM) is key for understanding its physical nature and evolution. In this work, we study parsec-scale interstellar dust clouds in the neutral ISM of the Milky Way using two…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-29 T. Ramburuth-Hurt , A. De Cia , J. -K. Krogager , C. Ledoux , A. J. Fox

The properties of interstellar grains, such as grain size distribution and grain porosity, are affected by interstellar processing, in particular, coagulation and shattering, which take place in the dense and diffuse interstellar medium…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-13 Hiroyuki Hirashita , Vladimir B. Il'in , Laurent Pagani , Charlène Lefèvre

We analyze low resolution Spitzer infrared (IR) 5-14 micron spectra of the diffuse emission toward a carefully selected sample of stars. The sample is composed of sight lines toward stars that have well determined ultraviolet (UV)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-02-02 Derck Massa , Karl D. Gordon , E. L. Fitzpatrick

Recently (Granato, Lacey, Silva et al. 2000, astro-ph/0001308) we have combined our spectrophotometric galaxy evolution code which includes dust reprocessing (GRASIL, Silva et al. 1998) with semi-analytical galaxy formation models (GALFORM,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 G. L. Granato , C. G. Lacey , L. Silva , A. Bressan , C. M. Baugh , S. Cole , C. S. Frenk

We consider the lifecycle of dust introduced into the hot interstellar medium in isolated elliptical galaxies. Dust grains are ejected into galactic-scale cooling flows in large ellipticals by normal mass loss from evolving red giants.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 John C. Tsai , William G. Mathews

Recent \herschel\ and \planck\ observations of submillimeter dust emission revealed the omnipresence of filamentary structures in the interstellar medium (ISM). The ubiquity of filaments in quiescent clouds as well as in star-forming…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-12-05 Doris Arzoumanian

Interstellar dust grains play a crucial role in the evolution of the galactic interstellar medium (ISM). Despite its importance, however, dust remains poorly understood in terms of its origin, composition, and abundance throughout the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-05-11 Brian J. Williams

The study of protostellar collapse or infall has proven unusually difficult and controversial. Some historical context will be provided, against which recent advances can be measured. We now have a substantial number of objects with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 N. J. Evans

In this analysis we illustrate how the relatively new emission mechanism known as spinning dust can be used to characterize dust grains in the interstellar medium. We demonstrate this by using spinning dust emission observations to…

A detailed study of interstellar polarization efficiency toward molecular clouds is used to attempt discrimination between grain alignment mechanisms in dense regions of the ISM. Background field stars are used to probe polarization…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 D. C. B. Whittet , J. H. Hough , A. Lazarian , Thiem Hoang

Surface processes on cosmic solids in cold astrophysical environments lead to gas phase depletion and molecular complexity. Most astrophysical models assume that the molecular ice forms a thick multilayer substrate, not interacting with the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-06-17 Alexey Potapov , Cornelia Jäger , Thomas Henning

The polarisation of light induced by aligned interstellar dust serves as a significant tool in investigating cosmic magnetic fields, dust properties, and poses a challenge in characterising the polarisation of the cosmic microwave…

Context: Dust grains are key components of the interstellar medium and play a central role in star formation, acting as catalysts for chemical reactions and as building blocks of planets. Extinction curves are essential for characterizing…

This article is based on an invited talk given by V. P. Kulkarni at the 8th Cosmic Dust meeting. Dust has a profound effect on the physics and chemistry of the interstellar gas in galaxies and on the appearance of galaxies. Understanding…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-12-07 Varsha P. Kulkarni , Monique C. Aller , Donald G. York , Daniel E. Welty , Giovanni Vladilo , Debopam Som

Polarization at millimeter wavelengths provides a powerful diagnostic of dust grain properties in protoplanetary disks. Standard models based on solid spherical grains often struggle to reproduce the observed polarization fractions and…