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Fixed effect estimators of nonlinear panel data models suffer from the incidental parameter problem. This leads to two undesirable consequences in applied research: (1) point estimates are subject to large biases, and (2) confidence…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-04-18 Shuowen Chen

Inference for fixed effects estimators is often unreliable due to Nickell- and incidental parameter biases. While these issues are well understood for classical two-dimensional panels, little is known about three-dimensional panel…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-05 Daniel Czarnowske , Amrei Stammann

We consider estimation and inference in panel data models with additive unobserved individual specific heterogeneity in a high dimensional setting. The setting allows the number of time varying regressors to be larger than the sample size.…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-05 Alexandre Belloni , Victor Chernozhukov , Christian Hansen , Damian Kozbur

This article reviews recent advances in fixed effect estimation of panel data models for long panels, where the number of time periods is relatively large. We focus on semiparametric models with unobserved individual and time effects, where…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-03-29 Iván Fernández-Val , Martin Weidner

We study linear panel regression models in which the unobserved error term is an unknown smooth function of two-way unobserved fixed effects. In standard additive or interactive fixed effect models the individual specific and time specific…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-08-15 Hugo Freeman , Martin Weidner

We develop a general estimation and inference procedure for the common parameters in linear panel data regression models with nonparametric two-way specification of unobserved heterogeneity. The procedure takes as input any first-step…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-08 Hugo Freeman , Dennis Kristensen

This paper introduces a new fixed effects estimator for linear panel data models with clustered time patterns of unobserved heterogeneity. The method avoids non-convex and combinatorial optimization by combining a preliminary consistent…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-04-21 Martin Mugnier

We introduce a generic class of dynamic nonlinear heterogeneous parameter models that incorporate individual and time fixed effects in both the intercept and slope. These models are subject to the incidental parameter problem, in that the…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-27 Xuan Leng , Jiaming Mao , Yutao Sun

This paper considers fixed effects (FE) estimation for linear panel data models under possible model misspecification when both the number of individuals, $n$, and the number of time periods, $T$, are large. We first clarify the probability…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-03-12 Antonio F. Galvao , Kengo Kato

We derive fixed effects estimators of parameters and average partial effects in (possibly dynamic) nonlinear panel data models with individual and time effects. They cover logit, probit, ordered probit, Poisson and Tobit models that are…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-12-19 Ivan Fernandez-Val , Martin Weidner

Nonseparable panel models are important in a variety of economic settings, including discrete choice. This paper gives identification and estimation results for nonseparable models under time homogeneity conditions that are like "time is…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-08 Victor Chernozhukov , Ivan Fernandez-Val , Jinyong Hahn , Whitney Newey

Approximating time-varying unobserved heterogeneity by discrete types has become increasingly popular in economics. Yet, provably valid post-clustering inference for target parameters in models that do not impose an exact group structure is…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-20 Jad Beyhum , Martin Mugnier

Naive maximum likelihood estimation of binary logit models with fixed effects leads to unreliable inference due to the incidental parameter problem. We study the case of three-dimensional panel data, where the model includes three sets of…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-11-08 Amrei Stammann

This paper considers the quantile regression model with both individual fixed effect and time period effect for general spatial panel data. Instrumental variable quantile regression estimators will be proposed. Asymptotic properties of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-08-08 Xiaowen Dai , Zhen Yan , Maozai Tian , Manlai Tang

This paper considers panel data models where the conditional quantiles of the dependent variables are additively separable as unknown functions of the regressors and the individual effects. We propose two estimators of the quantile partial…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-09-30 Liang Chen

Empirical economists are often deterred from the application of fixed effects binary choice models mainly for two reasons: the incidental parameter problem and the computational challenge even in moderately large panels. Using the example…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-10-27 Daniel Czarnowske , Amrei Stammann

Many economic models feature moment conditions that involve latent variables. When the latent variables are individual fixed effects in an auxiliary panel data regression, we construct orthogonal moments that eliminate first-order bias…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-10 Jiaqi Huang

We derive the asymptotic theory of Bai (2009)'s interactive fixed effects estimator for unbalanced panels in which the source of attrition is conditionally random. For inference, we propose a method of alternating projections algorithm…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-19 Daniel Czarnowske , Amrei Stammann

This paper considers a linear panel model with interactive fixed effects and unobserved individual and time heterogeneities that are captured by some latent group structures and an unknown structural break, respectively. To enhance realism…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-08-01 Yiren Wang , Peter C B Phillips , Liangjun Su

This paper considers the maximum likelihood estimation of panel data models with interactive effects. Motivated by applications in economics and other social sciences, a notable feature of the model is that the explanatory variables are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-27 Jushan Bai , Kunpeng Li
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