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The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the classic and hard problems in combinatorial optimization. We develop a new heuristic that uses a connection between Minimum Cost Flow Problems and the TSP to improve on a given suboptimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Steffen Borgwardt , Zachary Sorenson

TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem), a classic NP-complete problem in combinatorial optimization, is of great significance in multiple fields. Exact algorithms for TSP are not practical due to their exponential time cost. Thus, approximate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Yang Li , Junbin Gao , Mingyuan Bai , Chengjun Li , Gang Liu

We consider some generalizations of the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Path problem. Suppose we have an asymmetric metric G = (V,A) with two distinguished nodes s,t. We are also given a positive integer k. The goal is to find k paths of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-12-15 Zachary Friggstad

The Directed Traveling Salesman Problem (DTSP) is a variant of the classical Traveling Salesman Problem in which the edges in the graph are directed and a vertex and edge can be visited multiple times. The goal is to find a directed closed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Václav Blažej , Andreas Emil Feldmann , Foivos Fioravantes , Paweł Rzążewski , Ondřej Suchý

Many real-world problems can be formulated as a constrained Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). However, the constraints are always complex and numerous, making the TSPs challenging to solve. When the number of complicated constraints grows,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Jingxiao Chen , Ziqin Gong , Minghuan Liu , Jun Wang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical NP-hard problem and has broad applications in many disciplines and industries. In a large scale location-based services system, users issue TSP queries concurrently, where a TSP query is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Kangfei Zhao , Shengcai Liu , Yu Rong , Jeffrey Xu Yu

We give a short proof that any comparison-based n^(1-epsilon)-approximation algorithm for the 1-dimensional Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) requires Omega(n log n) comparisons.

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-03-28 Neal E. Young

In this paper, we study the integrality gap of the subtour LP relaxation for the traveling salesman problem in the special case when all edge costs are either 1 or 2. For the general case of symmetric costs that obey triangle inequality, a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-02-26 Jiawei Qian , Frans Schalekamp , David P. Williamson , Anke van Zuylen

The Traveling Salesman Problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem widely studied in operations research. Despite its simple formulation, it remains computationally challenging due to the exponential growth of the search…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Alessia Ciacco , Luigi Di Puglia Pugliese , Francesca Guerriero

This paper considers theoretical solutions for path planning problems under non-probabilistic uncertainty used in the travel salesman problems under uncertainty. The uncertainty is on the paths between the cities as nodes in a travelling…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Keivan Shariatmadar

The Traveling Thief Problem (TTP) is a multi-component optimization problem that captures the interplay between routing and packing decisions by combining the classical Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) and the Knapsack Problem (KP). The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jan Eube , Kelin Luo , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann , Heiko Röglin

We provide an upper and lower bound for the length of Maximum Distance Problem minimizers in terms of a finite scale geometric square sum.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Enrique Alvarado , Silvia Ghinassi , Lisa Naples

We improve the approximation ratio for the Asymmetric TSP to less than 15. We also obtain improved ratios for the special case of unweighted digraphs and the generalization where we ask for a minimum-cost tour with given (distinct)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jens Vygen

In this paper, we will propose convex layers to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Firstly, we will focus on human performance on the TSP. Experimental data shows that untrained humans appear to have the ability to perform well in the…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-12 Sing Liew

We present a framework for approximating the metric TSP based on a novel use of matchings. Traditionally, matchings have been used to add edges in order to make a given graph Eulerian, whereas our approach also allows for the removal of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Tobias Mömke , Ola Svensson

In the path version of the Travelling Salesman Problem (Path-TSP), a salesman is looking for the shortest Hamiltonian path through a set of n cities. The salesman has to start his journey at a given city s, visit every city exactly once,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Eranda Cela , Vladimir G. Deineko , Gerhard J. Woeginger

The Multiple Travelling Salesman Problem (MTSP) is among the most interesting combinatorial optimization problems because it is widely adopted in real-life applications, including robotics, transportation, networking, etc. Although the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Omar Cheikhrouhou , Ines Khoufi

We give a polynomial time, $(1+\epsilon)$-approximation algorithm for the traveling repairman problem (TRP) in the Euclidean plane and on weighted trees. This improves on the known quasi-polynomial time approximation schemes for these…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-09-22 René Sitters

The Traveling Salesman Problem is one of the most intensively studied combinatorial optimization problems due both to its range of real-world applications and its computational complexity. When combined with the Set Covering Problem, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Yuwen Yang , Jayant Rajgopal

This paper introduces a new formulation that finds the optimum for the Moving-Target Traveling Salesman Problem (MT-TSP), which seeks to find a shortest path for an agent, that starts at a depot, visits a set of moving targets exactly once…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Allen George Philip , Zhongqiang Ren , Sivakumar Rathinam , Howie Choset