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No present observations suggest a technologically advanced extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) has spread through the galaxy. However, under commonplace assumptions about galactic civilization formation and expansion, this absence of…

Popular Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 Alexander Berezin

Within the SETI community, a school of thought holds that ET might prefer to send information physically in so-called "probes," rather than by radio or optical beacon, in effect, a message in a bottle. In this paper, a related solution to…

Popular Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 John Gertz

The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) has been heavily influenced by solutions to the Drake Equation, which returns an integer value for the number of communicating civilisations resident in the Milky Way, and by the Fermi…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Duncan Forgan

The concept of a rapid spread of self-replicating interstellar probes (SRPs) throughout the Milky Way adds considerable strength to Fermi's Paradox. A single civilisation creating a single SRP is sufficient for a fleet of SRPs to grow and…

Popular Physics · Physics 2019-11-20 Duncan H. Forgan

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) makes certain assumptions which guide all current search programs. To illustrate some, this includes (1) that interstellar flight is not possible (2) that the motivations of interstellar…

Popular Physics · Physics 2019-01-31 Kelvin F Long

The Zoo solution to Fermi's Paradox proposes that extraterrestrial intelligences (ETIs) have agreed to not contact the Earth. The strength of this solution depends on the ability for ETIs to come to agreement, and establish/police treaties…

Popular Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Duncan H Forgan

We present a simplified description of expansionistic life in the standard relativistic cosmology. The resulting model is exactly integrable, yielding a simple set of predictive formulas. This allows one to quickly propose new scenarios for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-17 S. Jay Olson

In the field of Astrobiology, the precise location, prevalence and age of potential extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) have not been explicitly explored. Here, we address these inquiries using an empirical galactic simulation model to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-22 Xiang Cai , Jonathan H. Jiang , Kristen A. Fahy , Yuk L. Yung

Abridged: The interest towards searches for extraterrestrial civilizations (ETCs) was boosted by the discovery of thousands of exoplanets. We turn to the classification of ETCs for new considerations that may help to design better…

Popular Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 Valentin D. Ivanov , Juan Carlos Beamin , Claudio Caceres , Dante Minniti

The Fermi paradox is the discrepancy between the strong likelihood of alien intelligent life emerging (under a wide variety of assumptions) and the absence of any visible evidence for such emergence. We use this intriguing unlikeness to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-06 Luis A. Anchordoqui , Susanna M. Weber , Jorge F. Soriano

We use a statistical model to investigate the detectability (defined by the requirement that they are in causal contact with us) of communicating civilizations within a volume of the universe surrounding our location. If the civilizations…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-31 Amedeo Balbi

A new solution to the Fermi Paradox is presented: probes or visits from putative alien civilizations have a very low probability until a civilization reaches a certain age (called the Contact Era) after the onset of radio communications. If…

Popular Physics · Physics 2022-12-27 Amri Wandel

We discuss how visions for the futures of humanity in space and SETI are intertwined, and are shaped by prior work in the fields and by science fiction. This appears in the language used in the fields, and in the sometimes implicit…

Popular Physics · Physics 2017-08-22 Jason T Wright , Michael P. Oman-Reagan

It has been argued that self-replicating robotic probes could spread to all stars of our galaxy within a timespan that is tiny on cosmological scales, even if they travel well below the speed of light. The apparent absence of such von…

Popular Physics · Physics 2016-06-02 Axel Kowald

We review Fermi's paradox (or the "Great Silence" problem), not only arguably the oldest and crucial problem for the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence (SETI), but also a conundrum of profound scientific, philosophical and cultural…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-07-21 Milan M. Cirkovic

The Fermi paradox is the conflict between an expectation of a high {\em ex ante} probability of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe and the apparently lifeless universe we in fact observe. The expectation that the universe should be…

Popular Physics · Physics 2018-06-08 Anders Sandberg , Eric Drexler , Toby Ord

A sufficiently advanced extraterrestrial civilization can send out a swarm of self-replicating probes for space exploration. Given the fast-growing number of such a probe, even if there is only one extraterrestrial civilization sending out…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-10-10 Yifan Chen , Jiayi Ni , Yen Chin Ong

The 1950 lunch-table remark by Enrico Fermi `Where is everybody' has started intensive scientific and philosophical discussions about what we call nowadays the `Fermi paradox': If there had been ever a single advanced civilization in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Claudius Gros

The Zoo Hypothesis posits that we have not detected extraterrestrial intelligences (ETIs) because they deliberately prevent us from detecting them. While a valid solution to Fermi's Paradox, it is not particularly amenable to rigorous…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Duncan H Forgan

An expanding civilization could rapidly spread through the galaxy, so the absence of extraterrestrial settlement in the solar system implies that such expansionist civilizations do not exist. This argument, often referred to as the Fermi…

Popular Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Jacob Haqq-Misra , Thomas J. Fauchez