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The sensitivity of the Advanced LIGO detectors to gravitational waves can be affected by environmental disturbances external to the detectors themselves. Since the transition from the former initial LIGO phase, many improvements have been…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-19 P. Nguyen , R. M. S. Schofield , A. Effler , C. Austin , V. Adya , M. Ball , S. Banagiri , K. Banowetz , C. Billman , C. D. Blair , A. Buikema , C. Cahillane , F. Clara , P. B. Covas , G. Dalya , C. Daniel , B. Dawes , R. DeRosa , S. E. Dwyer , R. Frey , V. Frolov , D. Ghirado , E. Goetz , T. Hardwick , A. F. Helmling-Cornell , I. J. Hollows , N. Kijbunchoo , J. Kruck , M. Laxen , E. Maaske , G. L. Mansell , R. McCarthy , K. Merfeld , A. Neunzer , J. R. Palamos , W. Parker , B. Pearlstone , A. Pele , H. Radkins , V. Roma , R. L. Savage , P. Schale , D. Shoemaker , T. Shoemaker , S. Soni , D. Talukder , M. Tse , G. Valdes , M. Vidreo , C. Vorvick , R. Abbott , C. Adams , R. X. Adhikari , A. Ananyeva , S. Appert , K. Arai , J. S. Areeda , Y. Asali , S. M. Aston , A. M. Baer , S. W. Ballmer , D. Barker , L. Barsotti , J. Bartlett , B. K. Berger , J. Betzwieser , D. Bhattacharjee , G. Billingsley , S. Biscans , R. M. Blair , N. Bode , P. Booker , R. Bork , A. Bramley , A. F. Brooks , D. D. Brown , K. C. Cannon , X. Chen , A. A. Ciobanu , C. M. Compton , S. J. Cooper , K. R. Corley , S. T. Countryman , D. C. Coyne , L. E. H. Datrier , D. Davis , C. Di Fronzo , K. L. Dooley , J. C. Driggers , P. Dupej , T. Etzel , M. Evans , T. M. Evans , J. Feicht , A. Fernandez-Galiana , P. Fritschel , P. Fulda , M. Fyffe , J. A. Giaime , K. D. Giardina , P. Godwin , S. Gras , C. Gray , R. Gray , A. C. Green , E. K. Gustafson , R. Gustafson , J. Hanks , J. Hanson , R. K. Hasskew , M. C. Heintze , N. A. Holland , J. D. Jones , S. Kandhasamy , S. Karki , M. Kasprzack , K. Kawabe , P. J. King , J. S. Kissel , Rahul Kumar , M. Landry , B. B. Lane , B. Lantz , Y. K. Lecoeuche , J. Leviton , J. Liu , M. Lormand , A. P. Lundgren , R. Macas , M. MacInnis , D. M. Macleod , S. Márka , Z. Márka , D. V. Martynov , K. Mason , T. J. Massinger , F. Matichard , N. Mavalvala , D. E. McClelland , S. McCormick , L. McCuller , J. McIver , T. McRae , G. Mendell , E. L. Merilh , F. Meylahn , T. Mistry , R. Mittleman , G. Moreno , C. M. Mow-Lowry , S. Mozzon , A. Mullavey , T. J. N. Nelson , L. K. Nuttall , J. Oberling , Richard J. Oram , C. Osthelder , D. J. Ottaway , H. Overmier , E. Payne , R. Penhorwood , C. J. Perez , M. Pirello , K. E. Ramirez , J. W. Richardson , K. Riles , N. A. Robertson , J. G. Rollins , C. L. Romel , J. H. Romie , M. P. Ross , K. Ryan , T. Sadecki , E. J. Sanchez , L. E. Sanchez , T. R. Saravanan , D. Schaetzl , R. Schnabel , E. Schwartz , D. Sellers , T. Shaffer , D. Sigg , B. J. J. Slagmolen , J. R. Smith , B. Sorazu , A. P. Spencer , K. A. Strain , L. Sun , M. J. Szczepańczyk , M. Thomas , P. Thomas , K. A. Thorne , K. Toland , C. I. Torrie , G. Traylor , A. L. Urban , G. Vajente , D. C. Vander-Hyde , P. J. Veitch , K. Venkateswara , G. Venugopalan , A. D. Viets , T. Vo , M. Wade , R. L. Ward , J. Warner , B. Weaver , R. Weiss , C. Whittle , B. Willke , C. C. Wipf , L. Xiao , H. Yamamoto , Hang Yu , Haocun Yu , L. Zhang , M. E. Zucker , J. Zweizig

Gravitational wave (GW) experiments have transformed our understanding of the Universe by enabling direct observations of compact object mergers and other astrophysical phenomena. This chapter reviews the concepts of GW detectors, such as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-02 Elisa Bigongiari , Matteo Di Giovanni , Giovanni Losurdo

The characterization of the Advanced LIGO detectors in the second and third observing runs has increased the sensitivity of the instruments, allowing for a higher number of detectable gravitational-wave signals, and provided confirmation of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-12 D. Davis , J. S. Areeda , B. K. Berger , R. Bruntz , A. Effler , R. C. Essick , R. P. Fisher , P. Godwin , E. Goetz , A. F. Helmling-Cornell , B. Hughey , E. Katsavounidis , A. P. Lundgren , D. M. Macleod , Z. Márka , T. J. Massinger , A. Matas , J. McIver , G. Mo , K. Mogushi , P. Nguyen , L. K. Nuttall , R. M. S. Schofield , D. H. Shoemaker , S. Soni , A. L. Stuver , A. L. Urban , G. Valdes , M. Walker , R. Abbott , C. Adams , R. X. Adhikari , A. Ananyeva , S. Appert , K. Arai , Y. Asali , S. M. Aston , C. Austin , A. M. Baer , M. Ball , S. W. Ballmer , S. Banagiri , D. Barker , C. Barschaw , L. Barsotti , J. Bartlett , J. Betzwieser , R. Beda , D. Bhattacharjee , J. Bidler , G. Billingsley , S. Biscans , C. D. Blair , R. M. Blair , N. Bode , P. Booker , R. Bork , A. Bramley , A. F. Brooks , D. D. Brown , A. Buikema , C. Cahillane , T. A. Callister , G. Caneva Santoro , K. C. Cannon , J. Carlin , K. Chandra , X. Chen , N. Christensen , A. A. Ciobanu , F. Clara , C. M. Compton , S. J. Cooper , K. R. Corley , M. W. Coughlin , S. T. Countryman , P. B. Covas , D. C. Coyne , S. G. Crowder , T. Dal Canton , B. Danila , L. E. H. Datrier , G. S. Davies , T. Dent , N. A. Didio , C. Di Fronzo , K. L. Dooley , J. C. Driggers , P. Dupej , S. E. Dwyer , T. Etzel , M. Evans , T. M. Evans , S. Fairhurst , J. Feicht , A. Fernandez-Galiana , R. Frey , P. Fritschel , V. V. Frolov , P. Fulda , M. Fyffe , B. U. Gadre , J. A. Giaime , K. D. Giardina , G. González , S. Gras , C. Gray , R. Gray , A. C. Green , A. Gupta , E. K. Gustafson , R. Gustafson , J. Hanks , J. Hanson , T. Hardwick , I. W. Harry , R. K. Hasskew , M. C. Heintze , J. Heinzel , N. A. Holland , I. J. Hollows , C. G. Hoy , S. Hughey , S. J. Jadhav , K. Janssens , G. Johns , J. D. Jones , S. Kandhasamy , S. Karki , M. Kasprzack , K. Kawabe , D. Keitel , N. Kijbunchoo , Y. M. Kim , P. J. King , J. S. Kissel , S. Kulkarni , Rahul Kumar , M. Landry , B. B. Lane , B. Lantz , M. Laxen , Y. K. Lecoeuche , J. Leviton , J. Liu , M. Lormand , R. Macas , A. Macedo , M. MacInnis , V. Mandic , G. L. Mansell , S. Márka , B. Martinez , K. Martinovic , D. V. Martynov , K. Mason , F. Matichard , N. Mavalvala , R. McCarthy , D. E. McClelland , S. McCormick , L. McCuller , C. McIsaac , T. McRae , G. Mendell , K. Merfeld , E. L. Merilh , P. M. Meyers , F. Meylahn , I. Michaloliakos , H. Middleton , J. C. Mills , T. Mistry , R. Mittleman , G. Moreno , C. M. Mow-Lowry , S. Mozzon , L. Mueller , N. Mukund , A. Mullavey , J. Muth , T. J. N. Nelson , A. Neunzert , S. Nichols , E. Nitoglia , J. Oberling , J. J. Oh , S. H. Oh , Richard J. Oram , R. G. Ormiston , N. Ormsby , C. Osthelder , D. J. Ottaway , H. Overmier , A. Pai , J. R. Palamos , F. Pannarale , W. Parker , O. Patane , M. Patel , E. Payne , A. Pele , R. Penhorwood , C. J. Perez , K. S. Phukon , M. Pillas , M. Pirello , H. Radkins , K. E. Ramirez , J. W. Richardson , K. Riles , K. Rink , N. A. Robertson , J. G. Rollins , C. L. Romel , J. H. Romie , M. P. Ross , K. Ryan , T. Sadecki , M. Sakellariadou , E. J. Sanchez , L. E. Sanchez , L. Sandles , T. R. Saravanan , R. L. Savage , D. Schaetzl , R. Schnabel , E. Schwartz , D. Sellers , T. Shaffer , D. Sigg , A. M. Sintes , B. J. J. Slagmolen , J. R. Smith , K. Soni , B. Sorazu , A. P. Spencer , K. A. Strain , D. Strom , L. Sun , M. J. Szczepańczyk , J. Tasson , R. Tenorio , M. Thomas , P. Thomas , K. A. Thorne , K. Toland , C. I. Torrie , A. Tran , G. Traylor , M. Trevor , M. Tse , G. Vajente , N. van Remortel , D. C. Vander-Hyde , A. Vargas , J. Veitch , P. J. Veitch , K. Venkateswara , G. Venugopalan , A. D. Viets , V. Villa-Ortega , T. Vo , C. Vorvick , M. Wade , G. S. Wallace , R. L. Ward , J. Warner , B. Weaver , A. J. Weinstein , R. Weiss , K. Wette , D. D. White , L. V. White , C. Whittle , A. R. Williamson , B. Willke , C. C. Wipf , L. Xiao , R. Xu , H. Yamamoto , Hang Yu , Haocun Yu , L. Zhang , Y. Zheng , M. E. Zucker , J. Zweizig

I give a brief introduction on gravitational wave laser interferometers, possible detectable sources from the ground and noise in the detectors

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 A. M. Sintes

In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity to additional gravitational wave polarization modes of future detectors. We first look at the upcoming Einstein Telescope and its combination with existing or planned Earth-based detectors in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-20 Lionel Philippoz , Adrian Boîtier , Philippe Jetzer

Sensitivity of future laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors can be improved using squeezed light with frequency-dependent squeeze angle and/or amplitude, which can be created using additional so-called filter cavities. Here we…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-11-20 Farit Ya. Khalili

A space-based superconducting gravitational low-frequency wave detector is considered. Sensitivity of the detector is sufficient to use the detector as a partner of other contemporary low-frequency detectors like LIGO and LISA. This device…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 L. V. Verozub

A space-based superconducting gravitational low-frequency wave detector is considered. Sensitivity of the detector is sufficient to use the detector as a partner of other contemporary low-frequency detectors like LIGO and LISA. This device…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-04-21 Leonid Verozub

This work introduces a geometrical method for analyzing transient gravitational waves recorded at interferometric observatories. This approach is intended to aid in assessing the performance and sensitivity of next-generation detector…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-19 Osvaldo M. Moreschi

Machine learning has emerged as a popular and powerful approach for solving problems in astrophysics. We review applications of machine learning techniques for the analysis of ground-based gravitational-wave detector data. Examples include…

A milestone of multi-messenger astronomy has been achieved with the detection of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star merger accompanied by observations of several associated electromagnetic counterparts. Joint observations can…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-02-28 Chris Pankow , Eve A. Chase , Scott Coughlin , Michael Zevin , Vassiliki Kalogera

The first direct measurement of gravitational waves by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations has opened up new avenues to explore our Universe. This white paper outlines the challenges and gains expected in gravitational wave searches at…

The GEO600 laser-interferometric gravitational wave detector near Hannover, Germany, is one of six such interferometers now close to operation worldwide. The UK/German GEO collaboration uses advanced technologies, including monolithic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 G. Woan

Seismic noise will be the dominant source of noise at low frequencies for ground based gravitational wave detectors, such as LIGO now under construction. Future interferometers installed at LIGO plan to use at least a double pendulum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Mark A. Beilby , Gabriela Gonzalez , Michelle Duffy , Amber Stuver , Jennifer Poker

Gravitational waves encode invaluable information about the nature of the relatively unexplored extreme gravity regime, where the gravitational interaction is strong, non-linear and highly dynamical. Recent gravitational wave observations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-10-25 Katie Chamberlain , Nicolas Yunes

We demonstrate the potential of new adaptive optical technology to expand the detection horizon of gravitational-wave observatories. Achieving greater quantum-noise-limited sensitivity to spacetime strain hinges on achieving higher…

Advanced gravitational-wave observatories, such as LIGO and Virgo, will detect hundreds of gravitational waves emitted by binary black holes in the next few years. The collection of detected sources is expected to have certain properties.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-02 Salvatore Vitale

LISA, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, will usher in a new era in gravitational-wave astronomy. As the first anticipated space-based gravitational-wave detector, it will expand our view to the millihertz gravitational-wave sky, where…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-04 LISA Consortium Waveform Working Group , Niayesh Afshordi , Sarp Akçay , Pau Amaro Seoane , Andrea Antonelli , Josu C. Aurrekoetxea , Leor Barack , Enrico Barausse , Robert Benkel , Laura Bernard , Sebastiano Bernuzzi , Emanuele Berti , Matteo Bonetti , Béatrice Bonga , Gabriele Bozzola , Richard Brito , Alessandra Buonanno , Alejandro Cárdenas-Avendaño , Marc Casals , David F. Chernoff , Alvin J. K. Chua , Katy Clough , Marta Colleoni , Geoffrey Compère , Mekhi Dhesi , Adrien Druart , Leanne Durkan , Guillaume Faye , Deborah Ferguson , Scott E. Field , William E. Gabella , Juan García-Bellido , Miguel Gracia-Linares , Davide Gerosa , Stephen R. Green , Maria Haney , Mark Hannam , Anna Heffernan , Tanja Hinderer , Thomas Helfer , Scott A. Hughes , Sascha Husa , Soichiro Isoyama , Michael L. Katz , Chris Kavanagh , Gaurav Khanna , Larry E. Kidder , Valeriya Korol , Lorenzo Küchler , Pablo Laguna , François Larrouturou , Alexandre Le Tiec , Benjamin Leather , Eugene A. Lim , Hyun Lim , Tyson B. Littenberg , Oliver Long , Carlos O. Lousto , Geoffrey Lovelace , Georgios Lukes-Gerakopoulos , Philip Lynch , Rodrigo P. Macedo , Charalampos Markakis , Elisa Maggio , Ilya Mandel , Andrea Maselli , Josh Mathews , Pierre Mourier , David Neilsen , Alessandro Nagar , David A. Nichols , Jan Novák , Maria Okounkova , Richard O'Shaughnessy , Naritaka Oshita , Conor O'Toole , Zhen Pan , Paolo Pani , George Pappas , Vasileios Paschalidis , Harald P. Pfeiffer , Lorenzo Pompili , Adam Pound , Geraint Pratten , Hannes R. Rüter , Milton Ruiz , Zeyd Sam , Laura Sberna , Stuart L. Shapiro , Deirdre M. Shoemaker , Carlos F. Sopuerta , Andrew Spiers , Hari Sundar , Nicola Tamanini , Jonathan E. Thompson , Alexandre Toubiana , Antonios Tsokaros , Samuel D. Upton , Maarten van de Meent , Daniele Vernieri , Jeremy M. Wachter , Niels Warburton , Barry Wardell , Helvi Witek , Vojtěch Witzany , Huan Yang , Miguel Zilhão , Angelica Albertini , K. G. Arun , Miguel Bezares , Alexander Bonilla , Christian Chapman-Bird , Bradley Cownden , Kevin Cunningham , Chris Devitt , Sam Dolan , Francisco Duque , Conor Dyson , Chris L. Fryer , Jonathan R. Gair , Bruno Giacomazzo , Priti Gupta , Wen-Biao Han , Roland Haas , Eric W. Hirschmann , E. A. Huerta , Philippe Jetzer , Bernard Kelly , Mohammed Khalil , Jack Lewis , Nicole Lloyd-Ronning , Sylvain Marsat , Germano Nardini , Jakob Neef , Adrian Ottewill , Christiana Pantelidou , Gabriel Andres Piovano , Jaime Redondo-Yuste , Laura Sagunski , Leo C. Stein , Viktor Skoupý , Ulrich Sperhake , Lorenzo Speri , Thomas F. M. Spieksma , Chris Stevens , David Trestini , Alex Vañó-Viñuales

Hardware injections are simulated gravitational-wave signals added to the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). The detectors' test masses are physically displaced by an actuator in order to simulate the effects of a…

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