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We revisit the classic Cournot model and extend it to a two-echelon supply chain with an upstream supplier who operates under demand uncertainty and multiple downstream retailers who compete over quantity. The supplier's belief about retail…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Constandina Koki , Stefanos Leonardos , Costis Melolidakis

How does competition in markets for information affect the creation and division of surplus? We study this question in a search environment in which an agent searches sequentially for a high-quality good and learns about the quality of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-26 Teddy Mekonnen , Bobak Pakzad-Hurson

In various markets where sellers compete in price, price oscillations are observed rather than convergence to equilibrium. Such fluctuations have been empirically observed in the retail market for gasoline, in airline pricing and in the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-28 Moshe Babaioff , Renato Paes Leme , Balasubramanian Sivan

Motivated by the dynamic assortment offerings and item pricings occurring in e-commerce, we study a general problem of allocating finite inventories to heterogeneous customers arriving sequentially. We analyze this problem under the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Will Ma , David Simchi-Levi

Motivated by agentic markets -- two-sided markets in which consumers and businesses are assisted by AI tools that facilitate consumers' search -- we study the impact of improved search technology on learning and welfare in markets. We put…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Brendan Lucier , Nicole Immorlica , Markus Mobius , Aleksandrs Slivkins , Daniel G. Goldstein , Jake M. Hofman , Sonia Jaffe , David M. Rothschild

We explore heterogeneous prices as a source of heterogeneous or stochastic demand. Heterogeneous prices could arise either because there is actual price variation among consumers or because consumers (mis)perceive prices differently. Our…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-26 John K. -H. Quah , Gerelt Tserenjigmid

The problem of content search through comparisons has recently received considerable attention. In short, a user searching for a target object navigates through a database in the following manner: the user is asked to select the object most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-02-11 Amin Karbasi , Stratis Ioannidis , Laurent Massoulie

Linear Fisher market is one of the most fundamental economic models. The market is traditionally examined on the basis of individual's price-taking behavior. However, this assumption breaks in markets such as online advertising and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Juncheng Li , Pingzhong Tang

Low search costs in Internet markets can be used by consumers to find low prices, but can also be used by retailers to monitor competitors' prices. This price monitoring can lead to price matching, resulting in dampened price competition…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Karen Clay , Michael Smith , Eric Wolff

Studies of micro-level price datasets find more frequent small price increases than decreases, which can be explained by consumer inattention because time-constrained shoppers might ignore small price changes. Recent empirical studies of…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-27 Daniel Levy , Haipeng , Chen , Sourav Ray , Elliot Charette , Xiao Ling , Weihong Zhao , Mark Bergen , Avichai Snir

This paper studies a strategic model of marketing and product diffusion in social networks. We consider two firms offering substitutable products which can improve their market share by seeding the key individuals in the market. Consumers…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-12-19 Milad Siami , Amir Ajorlou , Ali Jadbabaie

We consider a monopolistic seller in a market that may be segmented. The surplus of each consumer in a segment depends on the price that the seller optimally charges, which depends on the set of consumers in the segment. We study which…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-10-25 Nima Haghpanah , Ron Siegel

To determine the welfare implications of price changes in demand data, we introduce a revealed preference relation over prices. We show that the absence of cycles in this relation characterizes a consumer who trades off the utility of…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-07-03 Rahul Deb , Yuichi Kitamura , John K. -H. Quah , Jörg Stoye

In this paper, we bring consumer theory to bear in the analysis of Fisher markets whose buyers have arbitrary continuous, concave, homogeneous (CCH) utility functions representing locally non-satiated preferences. The main tools we use are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Denizalp Goktas , Enrique Areyan Viqueira , Amy Greenwald

This paper studies a spatial competition game between two firms that sell a homogeneous good at some pre-determined fixed price. A population of consumers is spread out over the real line, and the two firms simultaneously choose location in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-31 Gaëtan Fournier , Karine Van Der Straeten , Jörgen Weibull

We develop SHOPPER, a sequential probabilistic model of shopping data. SHOPPER uses interpretable components to model the forces that drive how a customer chooses products; in particular, we designed SHOPPER to capture how items interact…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-11 Francisco J. R. Ruiz , Susan Athey , David M. Blei

Investigating potential purchases is often a substantial investment under uncertainty. Standard market designs, such as simultaneous or English auctions, compound this with uncertainty about the price a bidder will have to pay in order to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-22 Robert Kleinberg , Bo Waggoner , E. Glen Weyl

Empirical data of supermarket sales show stylised facts that are similar to stock markets, with a broad (truncated) Levy distribution of weekly sales differences in the baseline sales [R.D. Groot, Physica A 353 (2005) 501]. To investigate…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-11 Robert D. Groot

The consumer store is ubiquitous and plays an important role in our everyday lives. It is an open question why stores usually have such short life cycles (typically around 3 years in China). This paper proposes a theoretical framework based…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-05-02 Shanyu Han , Jian Lei , Yang Liu

We consider a game where a finite number of retailers choose a location, given that their potential consumers are distributed on a network. Retailers do not compete on price but only on location, therefore each consumer shops at the closest…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-03 Gaëtan Fournier , Marco Scarsini