Related papers: N-body Integrators with Individual Time Steps from…
We present a novel method for efficient direct integration of gravitational N-body systems with a large variation in characteristic time scales. The method is based on a recursive and adaptive partitioning of the system based on the…
$N$-body simulations study the dynamics of $N$ particles under the influence of mutual long-distant forces such as gravity. In practice, $N$-body codes will violate Newton's third law if they use either an approximate Poisson solver or…
The method of choice for integrating the equations of motion of the general N-body problem has been to use an individual time step scheme. For the sake of efficiency, block time steps have been the most popular, where all time step sizes…
Computational efficiency demands discretised, hierarchically organised, and individually adaptive time-step sizes (known as the block-step scheme) for the time integration of N-body models. However, most existing N-body codes adapt…
This paper describes a fourth-order integration algorithm for the gravitational N-body problem based on discrete Lagrangian mechanics. When used with shared timesteps, the algorithm is momentum conserving and symplectic. We generalize the…
We derive a new criterion for estimating characteristic dynamical timescales in N-body simulations. The criterion uses the second, third, and fourth derivatives of particle positions: acceleration, jerk, and snap. It can be used for…
We propose a new explicit pseudo-energy and momentum conserving scheme for the time integration of Hamiltonian systems. The scheme, which is formally second-order accurate, is based on two key ideas: the integration during the time-steps of…
The two-dimensional n-body problem of classical mechanics is a non-integrable Hamiltonian system for n > 2. Traditional numerical integration algorithms, which are polynomials in the time step, typically lead to systematic drifts in the…
Leapfrog integration has been the method of choice in N-body simulations owing to its low computational cost for a symplectic integrator with second order accuracy. We introduce a new leapfrog integrator that allows for variable timesteps…
We present a new time-stepping criterion for N-body simulations that is based on the true dynamical time of a particle. This allows us to follow the orbits of particles correctly in all environments since it has better adaptivity than…
The large dynamic range in some astrophysical N-body problems led to the use of adaptive multi-time-steps; however, the search for optimal strategies is still challenging. We numerically quantify the performance of the hierarchical…
Time-symmetric integration schemes share with symplectic schemes the property that their energy errors show a much better behavior than is the case for generic integration schemes. Allowing adaptive time steps typically leads to a loss of…
The time step criterion plays a crucial role in direct N-body codes. If not chosen carefully, it will cause a secular drift in the energy error. Shared, adaptive time step criteria commonly adopt the minimum pairwise time step, which…
In this paper, we present a new hybrid algorithm for the time integration of collisional N-body systems. In this algorithm, gravitational force between two particles is divided into short-range and long-range terms, using a…
We present a novel hierarchical formulation of the fourth-order forward symplectic integrator and its numerical implementation in the GPU-accelerated direct-summation N-body code FROST. The new integrator is especially suitable for…
We present a simple algorithm to switch between $N$-body time integrators in a reversible way. We apply it to planetary systems undergoing arbitrarily close encounters and highly eccentric orbits, but the potential applications are broader.…
This work proposes a suite of numerical techniques to facilitate the design of structure-preserving integrators for nonlinear dynamics. The celebrated LaBudde-Greenspan integrator and various energy-momentum schemes adopt a difference…
We address the formulation and analysis of energy and momentum conserving time integration schemes in the context of particle dynamics, and in particular atomic systems. The article identifies three critical aspects of these models that…
Multiple time-scale algorithms exploit the natural separation of time-scales in chemical systems to greatly accelerate the efficiency of molecular dynamics simulations. Although the utility of these methods in systems where the interactions…
Astrophysical research in recent decades has made significant progress thanks to the availability of various $N$-body simulation techniques. With the rapid development of high-performance computing technologies, modern simulations have been…