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In this review we establish various connections between complex networks and symmetry. While special types of symmetries (e.g., automorphisms) are studied in detail within discrete mathematics for particular classes of deterministic graphs,…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2010-11-04 Diego Garlaschelli , Franco Ruzzenenti , Riccardo Basosi

There are good motivations for considering some type of quantum histories formalism. Several possible formalisms are known, defined by different definitions of event and by different selection criteria for sets of histories. These…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Adrian Kent

We develop a behavioural theory of reflective parallel algorithms (RAs), i.e. synchronous parallel algorithms that can modify their own behaviour. The theory comprises a set of postulates defining the class of RAs, an abstract machine…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Klaus-Dieter Schewe , Flavio Ferrarotti

This dissertation investigates questions arising in the consistent histories formulation of the quantum mechanics of closed systems. Various criteria for approximate consistency are analysed. The connection between the Dowker-Halliwell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jim McElwaine

We use algorithmic methods from online learning to explore some important objects at the intersection of model theory and combinatorics, and find natural ways that algorithmic methods can detect and explain (and improve our understanding…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Maryanthe Malliaris , Shay Moran

Natural numbers can be divided in two non-overlapping infinite sets, primes and composites, with composites factorizing into primes. Despite their apparent simplicity, the elucidation of the architecture of natural numbers with primes as…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-10-21 Guillermo Garcia-Perez , M. Angeles Serrano , Marian Boguna

Quantum machine learning (QML) aims to accelerate machine learning tasks by exploiting quantum computation. Previous work studied a QML algorithm for selecting sparse subnetworks from large shallow neural networks. Instead of directly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Natsuto Isogai , Hayata Yamasaki , Sho Sonoda , Mio Murao

In classical probability theory, the convergence of empirical frequencies to theoretical probabilities: as captured by the Law of Large Numbers (LLN): is treated as axiomatic and emergent from statistical assumptions such as independence…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-06-19 Allen Lobo

Classic machine learning algorithms have been reviewed and studied mathematically on its performance and properties in detail. This paper intends to review the empirical functioning of widely used classical supervised learning algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Senthilkumar Gopal

Algorithmic theories of randomness can be related to theories of probabilistic sequence prediction through the notion of a predictor, defined as a function which supplies lower bounds on initial-segment probabilities of infinite sequences.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Lenhart K. Schubert

This paper derives a unifying theorem establishing consistency results for a broad class of tree-based algorithms. It improves current results in two aspects. First of all, it can be applied to algorithms that vary from traditional Random…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-22 Ricardo Blum , Munir Hiabu , Enno Mammen , Joseph T. Meyer

In this paper, we consider robust control using randomized algorithms. We extend the existing order statistics distribution theory to the general case in which the distribution of population is not assumed to be continuous and the order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2008-05-13 Xinjia Chen , Kemin Zhou

Theoretical analyses of stochastic search algorithms, albeit few, have always existed since these algorithms became popular. Starting in the nineties a systematic approach to analyse the performance of stochastic search heuristics has been…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Per Kristian Lehre , Pietro S. Oliveto

We begin by reiterating that common neural network activation functions have simple Bayesian origins. In this spirit, we go on to show that Bayes's theorem also implies a simple recurrence relation; this leads to a Bayesian recurrent unit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Philip N. Garner , Sibo Tong

Stochastic approximation algorithms are iterative procedures which are used to approximate a target value in an environment where the target is unknown and direct observations are corrupted by noise. These algorithms are useful, for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Koundinya Vajjha , Barry Trager , Avraham Shinnar , Vasily Pestun

Power-law distributions are typical macroscopic features occurring in almost all complex systems observable in nature. As a result, researchers in quantitative analyses must often generate random synthetic variates obeying power-law…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-11-11 Filippo Radicchi

Many statistical problems involve mixture models and the need for computationally efficient methods to estimate the mixing distribution has increased dramatically in recent years. Newton [Sankhya Ser. A 64 (2002) 306--322] proposed a fast…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-02-18 Ryan Martin , Jayanta K. Ghosh

Randomized search algorithms for hard combinatorial problems exhibit a large variability of performances. We study the different types of rare events which occur in such out-of-equilibrium stochastic processes and we show how they cooperate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Andrea Montanari , Riccardo Zecchina

This paper investigates the randomness properties of a function of the divisor pairs of a natural number. This function, the antecedents of which go to very ancient times, has randomness properties that can find applications in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-11-22 Subhash Kak

Previously referred to as `miraculous' in the scientific literature because of its powerful properties and its wide application as optimal solution to the problem of induction/inference, (approximations to) Algorithmic Probability (AP) and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-16 Hector Zenil , Liliana Badillo , Santiago Hernández-Orozco , Francisco Hernández-Quiroz