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Declarative machine learning (ML) aims at the high-level specification of ML tasks or algorithms, and automatic generation of optimized execution plans from these specifications. The fundamental goal is to simplify the usage and/or…
Recently efficient model-checking tools have been developed to find flaws in security protocols specifications. These flaws can be interpreted as potential attacks scenarios but the feasability of these scenarios need to be confirmed at the…
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in code generation, but many existing benchmarks are approaching saturation and offer little guarantee on the trustworthiness of the generated programs. To improve…
The two major systems of formal verification are model checking and algebraic model-based testing. Model checking is based on some form of temporal logic such as linear temporal logic (LTL) or computation tree logic (CTL). One powerful and…
In an influential paper, Levesque proposed a formal specification for analysing the correctness of program-like plans, such as conditional plans, iterative plans, and knowledge-based plans. He motivated a logical characterisation within the…
This paper presents a theory for the refinement of shared-memory concurrent algorithms from specifications. We augment pre and post condition specifications with Jones' rely and guarantee conditions, all of which are encoded as commands…
A software element defined in one place is typically used in many places. When it is changed, all its occurrences may need to be changed too, which can severely hinder software evolution. This has led to the support of encapsulation in…
The influence of machine learning (ML) is quickly spreading, and a number of recent technological innovations have applied ML as a central technology. However, ML development still requires a substantial amount of human expertise to be…
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in diverse real-world scenarios, each governed by bespoke behavioral and safety specifications (spec) custom-tailored by users or organizations. These spec, categorized into safety-spec…
Algebraic specifications of data types provide a natural basis for testing data types implementations. In this framework, the conformance relation is based on the satisfaction of axioms. This makes it possible to formally state the…
Architecture patterns capture architectural design experience and provide abstract solutions to recurring architectural design problems. They consist of a description of component types and restrict component connection and activation.…
A wide-spectrum language integrates specification constructs into a programming language in a manner that treats a specification command just like any other command. This paper investigates a semantic model for a wide-spectrum language that…
In Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), the Unified Modeling Language (UML) 2.0 specification includes a metamodel that defines the language concepts and a user model that defines how the language concepts are represented. In UML 2.0, an…
Formal specification is a basis for rigorous software implementation. VDM-SL is a formal specification language with an extensive executable subset. Successful cases of VDM-family including VDM-SL have shown that producing a well-tested…
Software correctness is ensured mathematically through formal verification, which involves the resources of generating formal requirement specifications and having an implementation that must be verified. Tools such as model-checkers and…
Performing dependability evaluation along with other analyses at architectural level allows both making architectural tradeoffs and predicting the effects of architectural decisions on the dependability of an application. This paper gives…
JDBC remains a key technology for database access in Java applications. Since the database dictionary and the Java type system have distinct scopes, developers inevitably need to deal with bugs in SQL-to-Java type mappings. We propose an…
Starting from version 2.0, UML introduced hierarchical composite structures, which are an expressive way of defining complex software architectures, but which have a very loosely defined semantics in the standard. In this paper we propose a…
The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4, Claude-3, and Gemini has transformed the field of natural language processing. However, it has also resulted in a significant issue known as Benchmark Data Contamination…
Use case specifications have successfully been used for requirements description. They allow joining, in the same modeling space, the expectations of the stakeholders as well as the needs of the software engineer and analyst involved in the…