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Black holes evolve by evaporation of their event horizon. While this process is believed to be unitary, there is no consensus on the recovery of information in black hole entropy. A missing link is a unit of information in black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-01 Maurice H. P. M. van Putten

Quantum entanglement lies at the heart of quantum information theory, with applications to quantum computing, teleportation, cryptography and communication. In the apparently separate world of quantum gravity, the Hawking effect of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-23 M. J. Duff

It has been shown that the quantum state of the graviton field outside a black hole horizon carries information about the internal state of the hole. We explain how this allows unitary evaporation: the final radiation state is a complex…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-03-18 Xavier Calmet , Stephen D. H. Hsu

Open quantum systems are highly relevant, both for practical applications as well as for fundamental questions about the nature of information and its transfer, encompassing for example decoherence and memory effects. Quantum mechanics…

Black hole evaporation is investigated in a (1+1)-dimensional model of quantum gravity. Quantum corrections to the black hole entropy are computed, and the fine-grained entropy of the Hawking radiation is studied. A generalized second law…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-25 Thomas M. Fiola , John Preskill , Andrew Strominger , Sandip P. Trivedi

In usual quantum theory, the information available about a quantum system is defined in terms of the density matrix describing it on a spacelike surface. This definition must be generalized for extensions of quantum theory which do not have…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 James B. Hartle

Nonperturbative analysis of quantum entanglement and quantum teleportation protocol using oscillator variables carried by observers in relativistic motion under the continuous influence of the environment is given. The full time evolution…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-14 K. Shiokawa

Black hole evaporation is one of the most striking phenomena at the interface between gravity and quantum physics. In Hawking's semi-classical treatment, where matter is quantum mechanical and the spacetime is definite and classical,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-24 Ali Akil , Lorenzo Giannelli , Leonardo Modesto , Oscar Dahlsten , Giulio Chiribella , Caslav Brukner

We describe a model for unitary black hole evaporation with no information loss in terms of a quantum computation. We assume that there is a fine tuned interaction between the qubits of the black hole Bell states which is the inverse of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-11-03 Edi Halyo

In quantum mechanics, outcomes of measurements on a state have a probabilistic interpretation while the evolution of the state is treated deterministically. Here we show that one can also treat the evolution as being probabilistic in nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 J. Oppenheim , B. Reznik

Unitary evolution makes pure state on one Cauchy surface evolve to pure state on another Cauchy surface. Outgoing Hawking radiation is only subsystem on the late Cauchy surface. The requirement that Hawking radiation to be pure amounts to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-03 Wen-Cong Gan , Fu-Wen Shu

Optical communication channels have redefined the purview and applications of classical computing; similarly, photonic transfer of quantum information promises to open new horizons for quantum computing. The implementation of light-matter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 T. E. Northup , R. Blatt

We investigate how quantum information, encoded in a quantum field, evolves during the expansion of spacetime. Due to information loss across the horizon, a local observer experiences this evolution as a nonunitary quantum channel. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-09 Laura Niermann , Tobias J. Osborne

A unitary effective field model of the black hole evaporation is proposed to satisfy almost the four postulates of the black hole complementarity (BHC). In this model, we enlarge a black hole-scalar field system by adding an extra radiation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-12-17 Yu-Lei Feng , Yi-Xin Chen

An examination of the constraints of quantum gravity leads to a clear physical picture for how information about the initial state is transferred to the Hawking radiation that emerges from a black hole.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-25 Suvrat Raju

The formation and evaporation of a black hole can be viewed as a scattering process in Quantum Gravity. Semiclassical arguments indicate that the process should be non-unitary, and that all the information of the original quantum state…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 Jorge G. Russo

The aim of this work is to present the black hole information problem and discuss the assumptions and hypotheses necessary for its formulation. As the problem arises in the framework of semiclassical gravity, we first review the necessary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-26 Thiago T. Bergamaschi

In this work we build a theoretical framework for the transport of information in quantum systems. This is a framework aimed at describing how out of equilibrium open quantum systems move information around their state space, using an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-23 F. Anza

The transfer of quantum information between different locations is key to many quantum information processing tasks. Whereas, the transfer of a single qubit state has been extensively investigated, the transfer of a many-body system…

The return of the information from the environment to the system is a phenomenon can be related to existence of non-Markovian mechanisms in the environment and such transformation of resources can be useful for quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 Taysa M. Mendonça , Lucas C. Céleri , Mauro Paternostro , Diogo O. Soares-Pinto