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In quantum mechanics, a fundamental law prevents quantum communications to simultaneously achieve high rates and long distances. This limitation is well known for point-to-point protocols, where two parties are directly connected by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-06 Stefano Pirandola

Quantum networking allows the transmission of information in ways unavailable in the classical world. Single packets of information can now be split and transmitted in a coherent way over different routes. This aggregation allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-25 Nicolo Lo Piparo , Michael Hanks , Kae Nemoto , William J. Munro

We analyze how the performance of a quantum-repeater network depends on the protocol employed to distribute entanglement, and we find that the choice of repeater-to-repeater link protocol has a profound impact on communication rate as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Cody Jones , Danny Kim , Matthew T. Rakher , Paul G. Kwiat , Thaddeus D. Ladd

Quantum repeaters with multiple quantum memories provide high throughput, low latency, and high fidelity quantum state (qubit) transfer over long distances. However, conventional quantum repeater protocols require full connections among the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-10 Yuhei Sekiguchi , Satsuki Okumura , Hideo Kosaka

This paper considers the problem of efficiently transmitting quantum states through a network. It has been known for some time that without additional assumptions it is impossible to achieve this task perfectly in general -- indeed, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-30 Hirotada Kobayashi , François Le Gall , Harumichi Nishimura , Martin Roetteler

Internet-scale quantum repeater networks will be heterogeneous in physical technology, repeater functionality, and management. The classical control necessary to use the network will therefore face similar issues as Internet data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-21 Rodney Van Meter , Joe Touch , Dominic Horsman

This paper considers the communication over a quantum multiple-unicast network where r sender-receiver pairs communicate independent quantum states. We concretely construct a quantum network code for the quantum multiple-unicast network as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-07 Seunghoan Song , Masahito Hayashi

Distributing quantum states reliably among distant locations is a key challenge in the field of quantum networks. One-way quantum networks address this by using one-way communication and quantum error correction. Here, we analyze quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-04 Álvaro G. Iñesta , Hyeongrak Choi , Dirk Englund , Stephanie Wehner

We present a new control algorithm and system design for a network of quantum repeaters, and outline the end-to-end protocol architecture. Such a network will create long-distance quantum states, supporting quantum key distribution as well…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-01 Rodney Van Meter , Thaddeus D. Ladd , W. J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

A quantum network promises to enable long distance quantum communication, and assemble small quantum devices into a large quantum computing cluster. Each network node can thereby be seen as a small few qubit quantum computer. Qubits can be…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-10-18 Eddie Schoute , Laura Mancinska , Tanvirul Islam , Iordanis Kerenidis , Stephanie Wehner

As quantum key distribution becomes increasingly practical, questions of how to effectively employ it in large-scale networks and over large distances becomes increasingly important. To that end, in this work, we model the performance of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-03 Omar Amer , Walter O. Krawec , Bing Wang

Quantum networks provide access to exchange of quantum information. The primary task of quantum networks is to distribute entanglement between remote nodes. Although quantum repeater protocol enables long distance entanglement distribution,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-03-19 Zong-Wen Wei , Bing-Hong Wang , Xiao-Pu Han

With the rapid advancement of quantum information technology, quantum networks have become essential for supporting diverse applications, which often have stringent demands for key metrics such as fidelity and request completion time. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Yuan Li , Chen Zhang , Hao Zhang , Tao Huang , Yunjie Liu

Quantum network is an emerging type of network structure that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to transmit and process information. Compared with classical data reconstruction algorithms, quantum networks make image…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Xun Ji , Qin Liu , Shan Huang , Andi Chen , Shengjun Wu

We propose a novel one-way quantum repeater architecture based on photonic tree-cluster states. Encoding a qubit in a photonic tree-cluster protects the information from transmission loss and enables long-range quantum communication through…

In this paper, we present a coding-theoretic framework for message transmission over packet-switched networks. Network is modeled as a channel which can induce packet errors, deletions, insertions, and out of order delivery of packets. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Mladen Kovačević , Dejan Vukobratović

Over the past 50 years, conventional network routing design has undergone substantial growth, evolving from small networks with static nodes to large systems connecting billions of devices. This progress has been achieved through the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-02 Binayak Kar , Pankaj Kumar

This study explores an approach to routing in quantum networks, which targets practical scenarios for quantum networks, mirroring real-world classical networks. By addressing practical constraints, we examine the impact of heterogeneous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Vinay Kumar , Claudio Cicconetti , Marco Conti , Andrea Passarella

In this paper, we investigate transmission techniques for a fundamental cooperative cognitive radio network, i.e., a radio system where a Secondary user may act as relay for messages sent by the Primary user, hence offering performance…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-08-02 Athanasios Papadopoulos , Nestor D. Chatzidiamantis , Leonidas Georgiadis

Network coding is often explained by using a small network model called Butterfly. In this network, there are two flow paths, s_1 to t_1 and s_2 to t_2, which share a single bottleneck channel of capacity one. So, if we consider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kazuo Iwama , Harumichi Nishimura , Rudy Raymond , Shigeru Yamashita