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We assess the security of a quantum key distribution protocol relying on the transmission of Gaussian-modulated coherent states and homodyne detection. This protocol is shown to be equivalent to a squeezed state protocol based on a CSS code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Iblisdir , G. Van Assche , N. J. Cerf

It has previously been shown that quantum state tomography can be used to increase the key rate of quantum key distribution (QKD) for the special case of qubits (i.e.,d=2). Here, we consider the case of higher dimensions, i.e., qudits, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-27 Yongtao Zhan , Hoi-Kwong Lo

In principle, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers unconditional security based on the laws of physics. In practice, flaws in the state preparation undermine the security of QKD systems, as standard theoretical approaches to deal with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Kiyoshi Tamaki , Marcos Curty , Go Kato , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Koji Azuma

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises secure key agreement by using quantum mechanical systems. We argue that QKD will be an important part of future cryptographic infrastructures. It can provide long-term confidentiality for encrypted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-25 Douglas Stebila , Michele Mosca , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols most often use two conjugate bases in order to verify the security of the quantum channel. In the majority of protocols, these bases are mutually unbiased to one another, which is to say they are…

The malicious manipulation of quantum key distribution (QKD) hardware is a serious threat to its security, as, typically, neither end users nor QKD manufacturers can validate the integrity of every component of their QKD system in practice.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Víctor Zapatero , Marcos Curty

We describe a quantum key distribution protocol based on pairs of entangled qubits that generates a secure key between two partners in an environment of unknown and slowly varying reference frame. A direction of particle delivery is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Anthony Laing , Valerio Scarani , John G. Rarity , Jeremy L. O'Brien

This paper proposes a new protocol for quantum dense key distribution. This protocol embeds the benefits of a quantum dense coding and a quantum key distribution and is able to generate shared secret keys four times more efficiently than…

There is a big gap between theory and practice in quantum key distribution (QKD) because real devices do not satisfy the assumptions required by the security proofs. Here, we close this gap by introducing a simple and practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 Álvaro Navarrete , Margarida Pereira , Marcos Curty , Kiyoshi Tamaki

Many quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols require random choice of measurement basis for each pulse or each train of pulses. In some QKD protocols, such as the Round-Robin Differential Phase Shift (RRDPS) QKD protocol, this requirement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-18 Toshihiko Sasaki , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Masato Koashi

Quantum key distribution(QKD) is an important area in quantum information theory. Nowadays, there are many protocols such as BB84 protocol, Lo-Chau's protocol and GR10 protocol. They usually require legitimated parties have the ability to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-06 Hao Shu

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that ensures secure communication by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, such as the no-cloning theorem and quantum uncertainty. This chapter provides an overview of this quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Sebastian Kish , Josef Pieprzyk , Seyit Camtepe

We present a new technique for proving the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. It is based on direct information-theoretic arguments and thus also applies if no equivalent entanglement purification scheme can be found.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 R. Renner , N. Gisin , B. Kraus

Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution (RFI QKD) protocol can reduce the requirement on the alignment of reference frames in practical systems. However, comparing with the Bennett-Brassard (BB84) QKD protocol, the main…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-25 Hongwei Liu , Jipeng Wang , Haiqiang Ma , Shihai Sun

In recent years, quantum computing technologies have steadily matured and have begun to find practical applications across various domains. One important area is network communication security, where Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Abel C. H. Chen

Side-channel attacks currently constitute the main challenge for quantum key distribution (QKD) to bridge theory with practice. So far two main approaches have been introduced to address this problem, (full) device-independent QKD and…

Most security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) assume that there is no unwanted information leakage about the state preparation process. However, this assumption is impossible to guarantee in practice, as QKD systems can leak…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on quantum and classical procedures in order to achieve the growing of a secret random string -the key- known only to the two parties executing the protocol. Limited intrinsic efficiency of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-04 David Elkouss , Jesus Martinez-Mateo , Vicente Martin

Any Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol consists first of sequences of measurements that produce some correlation between classical data. We show that these correlation data must violate some Bell inequality in order to contain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Antonio Acin , Nicolas Gisin , Lluis Masanes

We propose a scheme for quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol with dual-rail displaced photon states. Displaced single photon states carry bit value of code which may be extracted while coherent states carry nothing and they only provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Sergey A. Podoshvedov