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The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox that argues for the incompleteness of quantum mechanics as a description of physical reality has been put to rest by John Bell's famous theorem, which inspired numerous experimental tests and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-10 Masud Mansuripur

A generalization of the 1935 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) argument for measurements with continuous variable outcomes is presented to establish criteria for the demonstration of the EPR paradox, for situations where the correlation between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. D. Reid

We show that quantum mechanics predicts an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox (EPR), and also a contradiction with local hidden variable theories, for photon number measurements which have limited resolving power, to the point of imposing an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. D. Reid

Einstein, Podolsky & Rosen (EPR) pointed out that correlations induced between quantum objects will persist after these objects have ceased to interact. Consequently, their joint continuous variables (CV), e.g., the difference of their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-05 Nir Bar-Gill , Christian Gross , Gershon Kurizki , Igor Mazets , Markus Oberthaler

This paper presents correspondence between Albert Einstein and the mathematical analyst J. L. B. Cooper on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox of quantum theory published in 1935. Two letters written by Cooper, and the replies from…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-07-17 P. L. Butzer , D. E. Edmunds , G. Roepstorff , G. Schmeisser , R. L. Stens

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox gives an argument for the incompleteness of quantum mechanics based on the premises of local realism. A general view is that the argument is compromised, because EPR's premises are falsified by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-03 Jesse Fulton , Run Yan Teh , M. D. Reid

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement is of special importance not only for fundamental research in quantum mechanics, but also for quantum information processing. Establishing EPR entanglement between two memory systems, such as…

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox highlights the absence of a local realistic explanation for quantum mechanics, and shows the incompatibility of the local-hidden-state models with quantum theory. For $N$-qubit states, or more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-26 Zhi-Jie Liu , Jie Zhou , Hui-Xian Meng , Xing-Yan Fan , Mi Xie , Fu-lin Zhang , Jing-Ling Chen

The amazing quantum effect of `entanglement' was discovered in the 1935 thought experiment by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen (`EPR'). The ensuing research opened up fundamental questions and led to experiments that proved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Roman Schnabel

There is an opinion that the Bohm reformulation of the EPR paradox in terms of spin variables is equivalent to the original one. In this note we show that such an opinion is not justified. We apply to the original EPR problem the method…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei Khrennikov , Igor Volovich

The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger~(GHZ) version of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen~(EPR) paradox is widely regarded as a conclusive logical argument that rules out the possibility of describing quantum phenomena within the framework of a local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-04 David H. Oaknin

A frequently given version of the argument of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen against the completeness of the quantum mechanical description is criticized as a misrepresentation that lacks the cogency of the original EPR argument.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. Hnizdo

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument on quantum mechanics incompleteness is formulated in terms of elements of reality inferred from joint (as opposed to alternative) measurements, in two examples involving entangled states of three…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Adan Cabello , Guillermo Garcia-Alcaine

Based on his extension of the classical argument of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen, Schr\"odinger observed that, in certain quantum states associated with pairs of particles that can be far away from one another, the result of the measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 Jean Bricmont , Sheldon Goldstein , Douglas Hemmick

We claim that the nonlocality without entanglement revealed quite recently by Bennett {\it et al.} [quant-ph/9804053] should be rather interpreted as {\it Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox without entanglement}. It would be true nonlocality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Ryszard Horodecki , Michal Horodecki , Pawel Horodecki

Expository paper providing a historical survey of the gradual transformation of the "philosophical discussions" between Bohr, Einstein and Schr\"odinger on foundational issues in quantum mechanics into a quantitative prediction of a new…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Ludmil Hadjiivanov , Ivan Todorov

Eighty years ago Einstein demonstrated that a particular interpretation of the reduction of wave function led to a paradox and that this paradox disappeared if statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics was adopted. According to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Marian Kupczynski

We propose a novel interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, which can resolve the outstanding conflict between the principles of locality and realism and offers new insight on the so-called weak values of physical observables. The discussion is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-20 David H. Oaknin

An Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)-like argument using events separated by a time-like interval strongly suggestes that measuring the polarization state of a photon of an entangled pair changes the polarization state of the other distant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Luiz Carlos Ryff

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox established a link between entanglement and nonlocality in quantum mechanics. EPR steering is the nonlocality associated with the EPR paradox and has traditionally only been investigated between two…