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A central feature of quantum metrology is the possibility of Heisenberg scaling, a quadratic improvement over the limits of classical statistics. This scaling, however, is notoriously fragile to noise. While for some noise types it can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Giulio Chiribella , Xiaobin Zhao

Quantum metrology employs quantum resources to achieve measurement precision beyond classical limits. This work investigates a Mach--Zehnder interferometer incorporating a Kerr nonlinear phase shifter, with photon-added two-mode squeezed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Zekun Zhao , Qingqian Kang , Teng Zhao , Cunjin Liu , Xin Su , Liyun Hu

Heisenberg scaling characterizes the ultimate precision of parameter estimation enabled by quantum mechanics, which represents an important quantum advantage of both theoretical and technological interest. Here, we study the attainability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Masahito Hayashi , Zi-Wen Liu , Haidong Yuan

The problem of measuring a time-varying phase, even when the statistics of the variation is known, is considerably harder than that of measuring a constant phase. In particular, the usual bounds on accuracy - such as the $1/(4\bar{n})$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-01 Kiarn T. Laverick , Howard M. Wiseman , Hossien T. Dinani , Dominic W. Berry

We analyze the performance of a generalized Kitaev's phase estimation algorithm where N phase gates, acting on $M$ qubits prepared in a product state, may be distributed in an arbitrary way. Unlike the standard algorithm, where the mean…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-11 Tomasz Kaftal , Rafal Demkowicz-Dobrzanski

Adaptive techniques make practical many quantum measurements that would otherwise be beyond current laboratory capabilities. For example: they allow discrimination of nonorthogonal states with a probability of error equal to the Helstrom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-12-15 H. M. Wiseman , D. W. Berry , S. D. Bartlett , B. L. Higgins , G. J. Pryde

Indefinite causal orders have been shown to enable a precision of inverse square N in quantum parameter estimation, where N is the number of independent processes probed in an experiment. This surpasses the widely accepted ultimate quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Yu Guo , Yuehan Chen , Geng Chen , Xiao-Min Hu , Yun-Feng Huang , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo , Bi-Heng Liu

In this paper, we propose a nonlinear interferometer with feedback loops and explore its efficiency for phase estimation. We analyse two feedback schemes, one where both modes of the interferometer are fed-back into the device and another…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Shivani Singh , Craig S. Hamilton , Igor Jex

Quantum metrology shows that by exploiting nonclassical resources it is possible to overcome the fundamental limit of precision found for classical parameter-estimation protocols. The scaling of the quantum Fisher information -- which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Louis Garbe , Obinna Abah , Simone Felicetti , Ricardo Puebla

Quantum-phase-estimation algorithms are critical subroutines in many applications for quantum computers and in quantum-metrology protocols. These algorithms estimate the unknown strength of a unitary evolution. By using coherence or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-06 Joseph G. Smith , Crispin H. W. Barnes , David R. M. Arvidsson-Shukur

The estimation of parameters characterizing dynamical processes is central to science and technology. The estimation error changes with the number N of resources employed in the experiment (which could quantify, for instance, the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-10 B. M. Escher , R. L. de Matos Filho , L. Davidovich

We propose an $N$-photon Gaussian measurement scheme which allows the estimation of a parameter $\varphi$ encoded into a multi-port interferometer with a Heisenberg scaling precision (i.e. of order $1/N$). In this protocol, no restrictions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-23 Giovanni Gramegna , Danilo Triggiani , Paolo Facchi , Frank A. Narducci , Vincenzo Tamma

We address the issue of precisely estimating small parameters encoded in a general linear transformation of the modes of a bosonic quantum field. Such Bogoliubov transformations frequently appear in the context of quantum optics. We provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-10 Nicolai Friis , Michalis Skotiniotis , Ivette Fuentes , Wolfgang Dür

We derive the ultimate bounds on the performance of nonlinear measurement schemes in the presence of noise. In particular, we investigate the precision of the second-order estimation scheme in the presence of the two most detrimental types…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-17 Marcin Zwierz , Howard M. Wiseman

When standard light sources are employed, the precision of the phase determination is limited by the shot noise. Quantum entanglement provides means to exceed this limit with the celebrated example of N00N states that saturate the ultimate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-01 M. Kacprowicz , R. Demkowicz-Dobrzanski , W. Wasilewski , K. Banaszek , I. A. Walmsley

We propose a high-precision phase estimation scheme in a hybrid interferometer by synergistically combining a Kerr nonlinear phase shifter and multi-photon subtraction operations. Using a coherent state and a vacuum state as input…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Lifen Guo , Qingqian Kang , Zekun Zhao , Jifeng Sun , Teng Zhao , Cunjin Liu , Xin Su , Liyun Hu

Generalized linear models and the quasi-likelihood method extend the ordinary regression models to accommodate more general conditional distributions of the response. Nonparametric methods need no explicit parametric specification, and the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-23 Jianqing Fan , Yichao Wu , Yang Feng

In this paper we explore the possibility of performing Heisenberg limited quantum metrology of a phase, without any prior, by employing only maximally entangled states. Starting from the estimator introduced by Higgins et al. in New J.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-27 Federico Belliardo , Vittorio Giovannetti

Non-Hermitian quantum metrology, an emerging field at the intersection of quantum estimation and non-Hermitian physics, holds promise for revolutionizing precision measurement. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of non-Hermitian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Xinglei Yu , Xinzhi Zhao , Liangsheng Li , Xiao-Min Hu , Xiangmei Duan , Haidong Yuan , Chengjie Zhang

We propose an approach to quantum phase estimation that can attain precision near the Heisenberg limit without requiring single-particle-resolved state detection. We show that the "one-axis twisting" interaction, well known for generating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-03 Emily Davis , Gregory Bentsen , Monika Schleier-Smith