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Parsing expression grammars (PEGs) offer a natural opportunity for building verified parser interpreters based on higher-order parsing combinators. PEGs are expressive, unambiguous, and efficient to parse in a top-down recursive descent…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Clement Blaudeau , Natarajan Shankar

Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs) describe top-down parsers. Unfortunately, the error-reporting techniques used in conventional top-down parsers do not directly apply to parsers based on Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs), so they have to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-07-14 André Murbach Maidl , Sérgio Medeiros , Fabio Mascarenhas , Roberto Ierusalimschy

Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs) define languages by specifying recursive-descent parser that recognises them. The PEG formalism exhibits desirable properties, such as closure under composition, built-in disambiguation, unification of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-09-20 Nicolas Laurent , Kim Mens

Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs) are a formalism that can describe all deterministic context-free languages through a set of rules that specify a top-down parser for some language. PEGs are easy to use, and there are efficient…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-17 Sérgio Medeiros , Fabio Mascarenhas , Roberto Ierusalimschy

Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs) are a formalism used to describe top-down parsers with backtracking. As PEGs do not provide a good error recovery mechanism, PEG-based parsers usually do not recover from syntax errors in the input, or…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Sérgio Medeiros , Fabio Mascarenhas

Graphs are increasingly becoming ubiquitous as models for structured data. A generative model that closely mimics the structural properties of a given set of graphs has utility in a variety of domains. Much of the existing work require that…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Revanth Reddy , Sarath Chandar , Balaraman Ravindran

Packrat parsing is a novel technique for implementing parsers in a lazy functional programming language. A packrat parser provides the power and flexibility of top-down parsing with backtracking and unlimited lookahead, but nevertheless…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Bryan Ford

Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs) are a recognition-based formalism which allows to describe the syntactical and the lexical elements of a language. The main difference between Context-Free Grammars (CFGs) and PEGs relies on the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Sérgio Medeiros , Carlos Olarte

We present a computational model for Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs). The predecessor of PEGs top-down parsing languages (TDPLs) were discovered by A. Birman and J. Ullman in the 1960-s, B. Ford showed in 2004 that both formalisms…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Alexander Rubtsov , Nikita Chudinov

CPEG is an extended parsing expression grammar with regex-like capture annotation. Two annotations (capture and left-folding) allow a flexible construction of syntax trees from arbitrary parsing patterns. More importantly, CPEG is designed…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-12-19 Daisuke Yamaguchi , Kimio Kuramitsu

PEGs were formalized by Ford in 2004, and have several pragmatic operators (such as ordered choice and unlimited lookahead) for better expressing modern programming language syntax. Since these operators are not explicitly defined in the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-12 Nariyoshi Chida , Kimio Kuramitsu

Most scripting languages nowadays use regex pattern-matching libraries. These regex libraries borrow the syntax of regular expressions, but have an informal semantics that is different from the semantics of regular expressions, removing the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-17 Sérgio Medeiros , Fabio Mascarenhas , Roberto Ierusalimschy

Parsing is an important problem in computer science and yet surprisingly little attention has been devoted to its formal verification. In this paper, we present TRX: a parser interpreter formally developed in the proof assistant Coq,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Adam Koprowski , Henri Binsztok

Context-Free Grammars (CFGs) and Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs) have several similarities and a few differences in both their syntax and semantics, but they are usually presented through formalisms that hinder a proper comparison. In…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-17 Fabio Mascarenhas , Sérgio Medeiros , Roberto Ierusalimschy

Grammar-based sentence generation has been thoroughly explored for Context-Free Grammars (CFGs), but remains unsolved for recognition-based approaches such as Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs). Lacking tool support, language designers…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-02-01 Tony Garnock-Jones , Mahdi Eslamimehr , Alessandro Warth

Prefix parsing asks whether an input prefix can be extended to a complete string generated by a given grammar. In the weighted setting, it also provides prefix probabilities, which are central to context-free language modeling,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Clemente Pasti , Andreas Opedal , Timothy J. O'Donnell , Ryan Cotterell , Tim Vieira

Graph-based Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a widely studied approach for improving the reasoning, accuracy, and factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, many existing graph-based RAG systems overlook the high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Qiao Xiao , Hong Ting Tsang , Jiaxin Bai

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge, they still face persistent challenges in retrieval inefficiency and the inability of LLMs to filter out irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Ruobing Yao , Yifei Zhang , Shuang Song , Yuhua Liu , Neng Gao , Chenyang Tu

This thesis presents a broad-coverage probabilistic top-down parser, and its application to the problem of language modeling for speech recognition. The parser builds fully connected derivations incrementally, in a single pass from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Brian Roark

We propose a parser for constraint-logic grammars implementing HPSG that combines the advantages of dynamic bottom-up and advanced top-down control. The parser allows the user to apply magic compilation to specific constraints in a grammar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Guido Minnen
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