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Related papers: The non-algorithmic side of the mind

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Chain-of-thought responses from language models improve performance across most benchmarks. However, it remains unclear to what extent these performance gains can be attributed to human-like task decomposition or simply the greater…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Jacob Pfau , William Merrill , Samuel R. Bowman

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance across natural language reasoning tasks, yet their reasoning processes remain brittle and difficult to interpret. Prompting techniques like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Samir Abdaljalil , Hasan Kurban , Khalid Qaraqe , Erchin Serpedin

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability of individuals to attribute mental states to others. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown some promise with ToM ability, they still struggle with complex ToM reasoning. Our approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Weizhi Tang , Vaishak Belle

Synchronization of finite spike sequences is the way two brain regions compare their content and extract the most suitable sequence. This is the core of the linguistic comparison between a word and a previous one retrieved by memory.…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-10 F. T. Arecchi

In the present article we consider the inverse fallacy, a well known cognitive heuristic experimentally tested in cognitive science, which occurs for intuitive judgments in situations of bounded rationality. We show that the quantum…

General Physics · Physics 2007-08-23 Riccardo Franco

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on complex tasks through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, conventional CoT relies on explicitly verbalized intermediate steps, which constrains its broader…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xinghao Chen , Anhao Zhao , Heming Xia , Xuan Lu , Hanlin Wang , Yanjun Chen , Wei Zhang , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li , Xiaoyu Shen

System 2 reasoning is one of the defining characteristics of intelligence, which requires slow and logical thinking. Human conducts System 2 reasoning via the language of thoughts that organizes the reasoning process as a causal sequence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chenxi Liu , Yongqiang Chen , Tongliang Liu , James Cheng , Bo Han , Kun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet they struggle with inconsistent reasoning, particularly in novel domains and complex logical sequences. This research introduces Proof of Thought, a framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Debargha Ganguly , Srinivasan Iyengar , Vipin Chaudhary , Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

The formalism of quantum theory in Hilbert space has been applied with success to the modeling and explanation of several cognitive phenomena, whereas traditional cognitive approaches were problematical. However, this 'quantum cognition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Diederik Aerts , Lyneth Beltran , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi , Sandro Sozzo , Tomas Veloz

Understanding of the phenomena of vision and thought require clarification of the general mechanism of perception. So far, philosophical inquiries and scientific investigations have not been able to address clearly the mysteries surrounding…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-09-16 Jahan N. Schad

This paper constructively proves the existence of an effective procedure generating a computable (total) function that is not contained in any given effectively enumerable set of such functions. The proof implies the existence of machines…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-05-05 Kurt Ammon

Understanding and attributing mental states, known as Theory of Mind (ToM), emerges as a fundamental capability for human social reasoning. While Large Language Models (LLMs) appear to possess certain ToM abilities, the mechanisms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Wentao Zhu , Zhining Zhang , Yizhou Wang

Trying to be effective (no matter who exactly and in what field) a person face the problem which inevitably destroys all our attempts to easily get to a desired goal. The problem is the existence of some insuperable barriers for our mind,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Kirill A. Sorudeykin

We show that human consciousness can be modeled as a classical (not quantum) probabilistic computer. A quantum computer representation does not appear to be indicated because no known feature of consciousness depends on Planck's constant h,…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen Blaha

Some aspects of the physical nature of language are discussed. In particular, physical models of language must exist that are efficiently implementable. The existence requirement is essential because without physical models no communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paul Benioff

The paper tackles four basic questions associated with human brain as a learning system. How can the brain learn to (1) mentally simulate different external memory aids, (2) perform, in principle, any mental computations using imaginary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-01-12 Victor Eliashberg

I wish to discuss a large, interwoven set of topics pointed at in the title above. Much of what I say is highly speculative, some is testable, some is, at present, surely not. It is, I hope, useful, to set these ideas forth for our…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2014-10-22 Stuart Kauffman

This book concerns the metasemantics of quantum mechanics (QM). Roughly, it pursues an investigation at the intersection of philosophy of physics and philosophy of language, and it offers a critical analysis of rival explanations of the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-09-12 Iulian D. Toader

Human problem-solving is never the repetition of a single mindset, by which we mean a distinct mode of cognitive processing. When tackling a specific task, we do not rely on a single mindset; instead, we integrate multiple mindsets within…

The problem of mechanically formalizing and proving metatheoretic properties of programming language calculi, type systems, operational semantics, and related formal systems has received considerable attention recently. However, the dual…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-05-29 James Cheney , Alberto Momigliano