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Explicit expressions for one-loop five supergraviton scattering amplitudes in both type II superstring theories are determined by making use of the pure spinor formalism. The type IIB amplitude can be expressed in terms of a doubling of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-16 Michael B. Green , Carlos R. Mafra , Oliver Schlotterer

It is well known that the low energy expansion of tree-level superstring scattering amplitudes satisfies a suitably defined version of maximum transcendentality. In this paper it is argued that there is a natural extension of this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-06-29 Eric D'Hoker , Michael B. Green

We consider a generalization of elliptic multiple zeta values, which we call twisted elliptic multiple zeta values. These arise as iterated integrals on an elliptic curve from which a rational lattice has been removed. At the cusp, twisted…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-06-26 Johannes Broedel , Nils Matthes , Gregor Richter , Oliver Schlotterer

We transform the one-loop four-point type $\mathrm{I}$ open superstring gluon amplitude to correlation functions on the celestial sphere including both the (non-)orientable planar and non-planar sector. This requires a Mellin transform with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-08-06 Daniel Bockisch

We review the relation between the Hopf algebra QSym of quasi-symmetric functions and the multiple zeta values, and then discuss a commutative diagram involving the Hopf algebra Sym of symmetric functions, the Hopf algebra dual NSym of…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael E. Hoffman

A simple recursive expansion algorithm for the integrals of tree level superstring five point amplitudes in a flat background is given which reduces the expansion to simple symbol(ic) manipulations. This approach can be used for instance to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 Rutger H. Boels

We identify two seemingly disparate structures: supercharacters, a useful way of doing Fourier analysis on the group of unipotent uppertriangular matrices with coefficients in a finite field, and the ring of symmetric functions in…

We relate one-loop scattering amplitudes of massless open- and closed-string states at the level of their low-energy expansion. The modular graph functions resulting from integration over closed-string punctures are observed to follow from…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-05 Johannes Broedel , Oliver Schlotterer , Federico Zerbini

A formalism is provided to calculate tree amplitudes in open superstring theory for any multiplicity at any order in the inverse string tension. We point out that the underlying world-sheet disk integrals share substantial properties with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-10-10 Johannes Broedel , Oliver Schlotterer , Stephan Stieberger

The algebra of multiple zeta values (MZVs) is encoded as a stuffle (quasi-shuffle) algebra and a shuffle algebra. The MZV stuffle algebra has a natural Hopf algebra structure. This paper equips a Hopf algebra structure to the MZV shuffle…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-05 Li Guo , Wenchuan Hu , Hongyu Xiang , Bin Zhang

We construct open-closed superstring interactions based on the open-closed homotopy algebra structure. It provides a classical open superstring field theory on general closed-superstring-field backgrounds described by classical solutions of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-08-29 Hiroshi Kunitomo

The classical quasi-shuffle algebra for multiple zeta values have a well-known Hopf algebra structure. Recently, the shuffle algebra for multiple zeta values are also equipped with a Hopf algebra structure. This paper shows that these two…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Li Guo , Hongyu Xiang , Bin Zhang

We introduce a coloured generalization $\mathrm{NSym}_A$ of the Hopf algebra of non-commutative symmetric functions described as a subalgebra of the of rooted ordered coloured trees Hopf algebra. Its natural basis can be identified with the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-02 Adam Doliwa

We investigate iterated integrals on an elliptic curve, which are a natural genus-one generalization of multiple polylogarithms. These iterated integrals coincide with the multiple elliptic polylogarithms introduced by Brown and Levin when…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-14 Johannes Broedel , Carlos R. Mafra , Nils Matthes , Oliver Schlotterer

Open string amplitudes at tree level have been studied for over fifty years, but there is no known analytic form for general $n$-point amplitudes, and their conventional representation in terms of worldsheet integrals does not make many of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-23 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Carolina Figueiredo , Grant N. Remmen

Amplitudes in open topological string theory may be described completely by certain A-infinity-categories. We detail a general construction of all cyclic minimal models for a given A-infinity-algebra and apply this result to the case of N=2…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-07-22 Nils Carqueville

Recent advances in stochastic PDEs, Hopf algebras of typed trees and integral equations have inspired the study of algebraic structures with replicating operations. To understand their algebraic and combinatorial nature, we first use rooted…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-09-21 Xing Gao , Li Guo , Yi Zhang

Rooted tree maps assign to an element of the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra of rooted trees a linear map on the noncommutative polynomial algebra in two letters. Evaluated at any admissible word these maps induce linear relations between…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-06 Henrik Bachmann , Tatsushi Tanaka

Arborified multiple zeta values are a generalization of multiple zeta values associated with rooted trees. There are two types of decorated rooted trees, corresponding respectively to the series and the integral expressions. Manchon…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Ku-Yu Fan

We reexamine genus one super-Green functions with general boundary conditions twisted by $(\alpha, \beta)$ for $(\sigma, \tau)$ directions in the eigenmode expansion and derive expressions as infinite series of hypergeometric functions.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-03-30 H. Itoyama , Kohei Yano