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In quantum theory, a weak value is a complex number with a somewhat technical definition: it is a ratio whose numerator is the matrix element of a self-adjoint operator and whose denominator is the inner product of a corresponding pair of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Jacob A. Barandes

The model of weak measurements is applied to various problems, related to the time problem in quantum mechanics. The review and generalization of the theoretical analysis of the time problem in quantum mechanics based on the concept of weak…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 J. Ruseckas , B. Kaulakys

Weak measurements offer the possibility of tuning the information acquired on a system, hence the imposed disturbance. This suggests that it could be a useful tool for multi-parameter estimation, when two parameters can not be measured…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-05 Matteo Altorio , Marco G. Genoni , Mihai D. Vidrighin , Fabrizia Somma , Marco Barbieri

The use of weak measurements for performing quantum tomography is enjoying increased attention due to several recent proposals. The advertised merits of using weak measurements in this context are varied, but are generally represented by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-06 Jonathan A. Gross , Ninnat Dangniam , Christopher Ferrie , Carlton M. Caves

Weak values arise in quantum theory when the result of a weak measurement is conditioned on a subsequent strong measurement. The majority of the trials are discarded, leaving only very few successful events. Intriguingly those can display a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-19 George C. Knee , Joshua Combes , Christopher Ferrie , Erik M. Gauger

The physical meaning of weak values and measurements can be completely understood with Born rule and the general probability theory. It is known that the weak value of an observable $\hat A$ with post-selection $\langle F|$ may be out of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-02 Riuji Mochizuki

We explore the possibility of using "weak measurements" without "weak value" for quantum state estimation. Since for weak measurements the disturbance caused during each measurement is small, we can rescue the state, unlike for the case of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-23 Debmalya Das , Arvind

Quantum metrology uses small changes in the output probabilities of a quantum measurement to estimate the magnitude of a weak interaction with the system. The sensitivity of this procedure depends on the relation between the input state,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-02 Holger F. Hofmann

For continuous weak measurement of qubits, we obtain exact expressions for weak values (WVs) from the post-selection restricted average of measurement outputs, by using both the quantumtrajectory- equation (QTE) and quantum Bayesian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-29 Lupei Qin , Pengfei Liang , Xin-Qi Li

We consider weak measurements (WM) of a spin observable in quantum mechanics beyond the usual asymptotic regime. This is done by obtaining the exact time-dependent wave functions of the measuring apparatus for general non-ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 A. K. Pan , A. Matzkin

Many quantum measurements, such as photodetection, can be destructive. In photodetection, when the detector clicks a photon has been absorbed and destroyed. Yet the lack of a click also gives information about the presence or absence of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-02 Yi-Hsiang Chen , Todd A. Brun

In contrast to a projective quantum measurement in which the system is projected onto an eigenstate of the measured operator, in a weak measurement the system is only weakly perturbed while only partial information on the measured…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-26 Maicol A. Ochoa , Wolfgang Belzig , Abraham Nitzan

The advantage of attosecond measurements is the possibility of time-resolving ultrafast quantum phenomena of electron dynamics. Many such measurements are of interferometric nature, and therefore give access to the phase. Likewise, weak…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Philipp Stammer , Javier Rivera-Dean , Marcelo F. Ciappina , Maciej Lewenstein

The operational definition of a weak value for a quantum mechanical system involves the limit of the weak measurement strength tending to zero. I study how this limit compares to the situation for the undisturbed (no weak measurement)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-26 B. E. Y. Svensson

I show that the application of the quantum-mechanical (QM) which-way weak measurement scheme of Vaidman may lead to logical inconsistencies. To this end, I study weak values of projection operators. Weak values are (normalized) amplitudes,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-16 B. E. Y. Svensson

Measurements are crucial in quantum mechanics, in fundamental research as well as in applicative fields like quantum metrology, quantum-enhanced measurements and other quantum technologies. In the recent years, weak-interaction-based…

Weak measurement is an important technique for detecting the tiny spin-dependent splitting in photonic spin Hall effect. The weak measurement is only valid when the probe wavefunction remains almost undisturbed during the procedure of…

Optics · Physics 2015-05-19 Shizhen Chen , Xinxing Zhou , Chengquan Mi , Hailu Luo , Shuangchun Wen

We show that the weak value of any observable in pre- and post-selected states can be expressed as the sum of the average of the observable in the pre-selected state and an anomalous part. We argue that at a fundamental level the anomalous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-21 Arun Kumar Pati , Junde Wu

We discuss two questions related to the concept of weak values as seen from the standard quantum-mechanics point of view. In the first part of the paper, we describe a scenario where unphysical results similar to those encountered in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-29 S. Ashhab , Franco Nori

A two-step measurement protocol of a quantum system, known as weak value (WV), has been introduced more than two decades ago by Aharonov et al. [1], and has since been studied in various contexts. Here we discuss another two-step…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-08 Oded Zilberberg , Alessandro Romito , Yuval Gefen