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Human agents happen to judge that a conjunction of two terms is more probable than one of the terms, in contradiction with the rules of classical probabilities---this is the conjunction fallacy. One of the most discussed accounts of this…
This article provides a brief overview of some fundamental effects of quantum fields under extreme conditions. For the Schwinger mechanism, Hawking radiation, and the Unruh effect, analogies to quantum optics are discussed, which might help…
The hydrodynamical phase-slippage geometry and a semi-classical Josephson-RCSJ formulism are combined to make an analogy between the periodically driven Josephson ac effect and the quantum Hall effect. Both of these two macroscopic quantum…
Quantum coherence and entanglement are two key features in quantum mechanics and play important roles in quantum information processing and quantum computation. We provide a general triangle-like inequality satisfied by the $l_1$-norm…
In the conventional two-point measurement scheme of quantum thermodynamics, quantum coherence is destroyed by the first measurement. But as we know the coherence really plays an important role in the quantum thermodynamics process, and how…
The decoherence of quantum states defines the transition between the quantum world and classical physics. Decoherence or, analogously, quantum mechanical collapse events pose fundamental questions regarding the interpretation of quantum…
The uncertainty principle is considered to be one of the most striking features in quantum mechanics. In the textbook literature, uncertainty relations usually refer to the preparation uncertainty which imposes a limitation on the spread of…
The temperature and scale dependence of resistivities in the standard scaling theory of the integer quantum Hall effect is discussed. It is shown that recent experiments, claiming to observe a discrepancy with the global phase diagram of…
Quantum correlations arising in Bell experiments, involving a physical source that emits a quantum state to a number of observers, have been intensively studied over the last decades. Much less is known about the nature of quantum…
The three major theoretical principles of quantum mechanics relevant to its interpretation are: (T1), linearity; (T2), invariance under certain groups; and (T3) the orthogonality and isolation of the different branches of the state vector.…
Using a mapping of a layered three-dimensional system with significant inter-layer tunneling onto a spin-Hamiltonian, the phase diagram in the strong magnetic field limit is obtained in the semi-classical approximation. This phase diagram,…
We discuss the fundamental constants of physics in the Standard Model and possible changes of these constants on the cosmological time scale. The Grand Unification of the strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions implies relations…
We report two fundamental experiments on three-level quantum systems (qutrits). The first one tests the simplest task for which quantum mechanics provides an advantage with respect to classical physics. The quantum advantage is certified by…
The quantum Hall effect is studied numerically in modulated two-dimensional electron systems in the presence of disorder. Based on the scaling property of the Hall conductivity as well as the localization length, the critical energies where…
The present status of quantum electrodynamics (QED) theory of heavy few-electron ions is reviewed. The theoretical results are compared with available experimental data. A special attention is focused on tests of QED at strong fields and on…
A molecular MCB junction in the partially wet phase has been used to probe effects related to open quantum systems. Although the exact quantum system, environment, and coupling, are not known the nature of the experiments shows a…
This review presents experimental results on the inter-edge-state transport in the quantum Hall effect, mostly obtained in the regime of high imbalance. The application of a special geometry makes it possible to perform I-V spectroscopy…
The Josephson effect in superconductors links a quantized output voltage Vout = f \cdot(h/2e) to the natural constants of the electron's charge e, Planck's constant h, and to an excitation frequency f with important applications in…
We review the quantum interference effects in a system of interacting electrons confined to a quantum dot. The review starts with a description of an isolated quantum dot. We discuss the status of the Random Matrix theory (RMT) of the…
We introduce the quantum theoretical formulation to determine a posteriori, if existing, the quantum wave functions and to estimate the quantum interference effects of mental states. Such quantum features are actually found in the case of…