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Our main contributions can be divided in three parts: (1) Fixpoint extensions of first-order logic: we give a precise syntactic and semantic characterization of the relationship between $\mathrm{FO(TC^1)}$ and $\mathrm{FO(LFP)}$; (2)…
Cosmological correlators are fundamental observables in an expanding universe and are highly non-trivial functions even at tree-level. In this work, we uncover novel structures in the space of such tree-level correlators that enable us to…
We investigate the theory of finite observables, i.e., resolutions of the finite-dimensional identity by means of positive operators, that have a physical interpretation in terms of measurement schemes. We focus on extremal and rank-one…
As suggested by the title, it has recently become clear that theorems of Nonstandard Analysis (NSA) give rise to theorems in computability theory (no longer involving NSA). Now, the aforementioned discipline divides into classical and…
The class of problems complete for NP via first-order reductions is known to be characterized by existential second-order sentences of a fixed form. All such sentences are built around the so-called generalized IS-form of the sentence that…
We introduce the notion of a lowering-raising (or LR) triple of linear transformations on a nonzero finite-dimensional vector space. We show how to normalize an LR triple, and classify up to isomorphism the normalized LR triples. We…
We prove a "quantified" version of the Weyl-von Neumann theorem, more precisely, we estimate the ranks of approximants to compact operators appearing in the Voiculescu's theorem applied to commutative algebras. This allows considerable…
We describe a class calculus that is expressive enough to describe and improve its own learning process. It can design and debug programs that satisfy given input/output constraints, based on its ontology of previously learned programs. It…
Relativistic microcausality is the statement that local field operators commute outside the light-cone. This condition is known to break down in low-energy effective theories, such as $P(X)$ models with a derivative interaction term of the…
Lately there has been a lot of discussion about why deep learning algorithms perform better than we would theoretically suspect. To get insight into this question, it helps to improve our understanding of how learning works. We explore the…
We present an adapted construction of algebraic circuits over the reals introduced by Cucker and Meer to arbitrary infinite integral domains and generalize the $\mathrm{AC}_{\mathbb{R}}$ and $\mathrm{NC}_{\mathbb{R}}$-classes for this…
We revisit the membership problem for subclasses of rational relations over finite and infinite words: Given a relation R in a class C_2, does R belong to a smaller class C_1? The subclasses of rational relations that we consider are formed…
We prove a number of fundamental facts about the canonical order on projections in C*-algebras of real rank zero. Specifically, we show that this order is separative and that arbitrary countable collections have equivalent (in terms of…
We introduce and study several notions of approximation for ontology-mediated queries based on the description logics ALC and ALCI. Our approximations are of two kinds: we may (1) replace the ontology with one formulated in a tractable…
Monotone Boolean functions, and the monotone Boolean circuits that compute them, have been intensively studied in complexity theory. In this paper we study the structure of Boolean functions in terms of the minimum number of negations in…
The Weak Gravity Conjecture has recently been re-formulated in terms of a particle with non-negative self-binding energy. Because of the dual conformal field theory (CFT) formulation in the anti-de Sitter space the conformal dimension…
Over the past 50 years, Nelson algebras have been extensively studied by distinguished scholars as the algebraic counterpart of Nelson's constructive logic with strong negation. Despite these studies, a comprehensive survey of the topic is…
That announcement gives the structure of totally reducible linear Lie algebras which are the Lie algebra of the holonomy group of (at least) one torsion-free connection. The result uses the (already known) classi cation of the irreducible…
Certain power-counting non-renormalizable theories, including the most general self-interacting scalar fields in four and three dimensions and fermions in two dimensions, have a simplified renormalization structure. For example, in…
For a (minimal) Arithmetical theory with higher Order Objects, i.e. a (minimal) Cartesian closed arithmetical theory -- coming as such with the corresponding closed evaluation -- we interprete here map codes, out of [A,B] say,into these…