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We consider multi-class classification where the predictor has a hierarchical structure that allows for a very large number of labels both at train and test time. The predictive power of such models can heavily depend on the structure of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-06 Yacine Jernite , Anna Choromanska , David Sontag

We introduce order conserving embeddings as a more general form of order preserving embeddings between finite dimensional nest algebras. The structure of these embeddings is determined, in terms of order indecomposable decompositions, and…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alan Hopenwasser , Stephen C. Power

Sequence classification is the supervised learning task of building models that predict class labels of unseen sequences of symbols. Although accuracy is paramount, in certain scenarios interpretability is a must. Unfortunately, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Severin Gsponer , Luca Costabello , Chan Le Van , Sumit Pai , Christophe Gueret , Georgiana Ifrim , Freddy Lecue

We study whether visual embedding models capture continuous, ordinal attributes along linear directions, which we term _rank axes_. We define a model as _rankable_ for an attribute if projecting embeddings onto such an axis preserves the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ankit Sonthalia , Arnas Uselis , Seong Joon Oh

Word embeddings are a popular way to improve downstream performances in contemporary language modeling. However, the underlying geometric structure of the embedding space is not well understood. We present a series of explorations using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Hongwei , Zhou , Oskar Elek , Pranav Anand , Angus G. Forbes

Dynamic regression trees are an attractive option for automatic regression and classification with complicated response surfaces in on-line application settings. We create a sequential tree model whose state changes in time with the…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-11-23 Matthew A. Taddy , Robert B. Gramacy , Nicholas G. Polson

In order to speed-up classification models when facing a large number of categories, one usual approach consists in organizing the categories in a particular structure, this structure being then used as a way to speed-up the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-26 Aurélia Léon , Ludovic Denoyer

Latent space models for network data characterize each node through a vector of latent features whose pairwise similarities define the edge probabilities among the pairs of nodes. Although this formulation has led to successful…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-06 Federico Pavone , Daniele Durante , Robin J. Ryder

We study two related probabilistic models of permutations and trees biased by their number of descents. Here, a descent in a permutation $\sigma$ is a pair of consecutive elements $\sigma(i), \sigma(i+1)$ such that $\sigma(i) >…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Paul Thévenin , Stephan Wagner

Plane increasing trees are rooted labeled trees embedded into the plane such that the sequence of labels is increasing on any branch starting at the root. Relaxed binary trees are a subclass of unlabeled directed acyclic graphs. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-12 Michael Wallner

In this paper, we introduce the Fixed Topology Minimum-Length Tree with Neighborhood Problem, which aims to embed a rooted tree-shaped graph into a $d$-dimensional metric space while minimizing its total length provided that the nodes must…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-09 Víctor Blanco , Gabriel González , Justo Puerto

Merge trees are a type of graph-based topological summary that tracks the evolution of connected components in the sublevel sets of scalar functions. They enjoy widespread applications in data analysis and scientific visualization. In this…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Ellen Gasparovic , Elizabeth Munch , Steve Oudot , Katharine Turner , Bei Wang , Yusu Wang

In the critical beta-splitting model of a random $n$-leaf rooted tree, clades are recursively split into sub-clades, and a clade of $m$ leaves is split into sub-clades containing $i$ and $m-i$ leaves with probabilities $\propto 1/(i(m-i))$.…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-16 David J. Aldous , Svante Janson

The internal representations learned by deep networks are often sensitive to architecture-specific choices, raising questions about the stability, alignment, and transferability of learned structure across models. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Saleh Nikooroo , Thomas Engel

It was recently observed by de Vienne et al. that a simple square root transformation of distances between taxa on a phylogenetic tree allowed for an embedding of the taxa into Euclidean space. While the justification for this was based on…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-05-04 Mark Layer , John A. Rhodes

We are interested in embedding trees T with maximum degree at most four in a rectangular grid, such that the vertices of T correspond to grid points, while edges of T correspond to non-intersecting straight segments of the grid lines. Such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-08 V. T. F. Luca , F. S. Oliveira , J. L. Szwarcfiter

We consider various classes of Motzkin trees as well as lambda-terms for which we derive asymptotic enumeration results. These classes are defined through various restrictions concerning the unary nodes or abstractions, respectively: We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-06 Olivier Bodini , Danièle Gardy , Bernhard Gittenberger , Zbigniew Gołębiewski

Phylogenetic networks provide a framework for representing evolutionary histories involving reticulate events such as hybridization or horizontal gene transfer. A central problem is to infer such networks from local structural information.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Patricia A. Ebert , Marc Hellmuth

We study upward planar straight-line embeddings (UPSE) of directed trees on given point sets. The given point set $S$ has size at least the number of vertices in the tree. For the special case where the tree is a path $P$ we show that: (a)…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Elena Arseneva , Pilar Cano , Linda Kleist , Tamara Mchedlidze , Saeed Mehrabi , Irene Parada , Pavel Valtr

We study a notion of potential isomorphism, where two structures are said to be potentially isomorphic if they are isomorphic in some generic extension that preserves stationary sets and does not add new sets of cardinality less than the…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alex Hellsten , Tapani Hyttinen , Saharon Shelah