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Heavy-ion collision is an important tool to understand the dense nuclear matter properties. In order to understand the results of the heavy-ion collision experiments, both theoretical approaches to dense nuclear matter using effective…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-03-31 Dae Ik Kim , Chang-Hwan Lee , Youngman Kim , Sangyong Jeon

Relativistic hydrodynamics is essential to our current understanding of nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultrarelativistic energies (current experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, forthcoming experiments at the CERN Large Hadron…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Our recently developed 2+1 (boost-invariant) hydrodynamic model has been presented and used to i) describe the soft hadronic data collected in the central region of the relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and ii) to make predictions…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-02-02 Mikolaj Chojnacki

The fluid-dynamical modeling of a nuclear collision at high energy usually starts shortly after the collision. A major source of uncertainty comes from the detailed modeling of the initial state. While the collision itself likely involves…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-04-16 Andreas Kirchner , Federica Capellino , Eduardo Grossi , Stefan Floerchinger

A key ingredient of hydrodynamical modeling of relativistic heavy ion collisions is thermal initial conditions, an input that is the consequence of a pre-thermal dynamics which is not completely understood yet. In the paper we employ a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-01-22 V. Yu. Naboka , S. V. Akkelin , Iu. A. Karpenko , Yu. M. Sinyukov

The relativistic hydrodynamic model is applied to describe the expansion of the dense matter formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The hydrodynamic expansion of the fluid, supplemented with the statistical emission of hadrons at…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-03-27 Piotr Bozek

Relativistic heavy-ion collisions suggest that low momentum regions of the observed particle spectra are thermal and hydrodynamic, while medium-high momentum regions are non-thermal and perturbative. In this study, I construct a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-08-09 Akihiko Monnai

We present a realistic expanding source model with nine parameters that are necessary and sufficient to describe the main physics occuring during hydrodynamical freezeout of the excited hadronic matter produced in relativistic heavy-ion…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Scott Chapman , J. Rayford Nix

We review some basic concepts of Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics and discuss our understanding of some key results from the experimental program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). We focus in particular on the early time dynamics…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-12-20 Rainer J. Fries

In these two lectures I review the basics of heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies and the physics we can do with them. I aim to cover the basics on the kinematics and observables in heavy-ion collider experiments, the basics on the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-04-30 Maria Elena Tejeda-Yeomans

Some recent developments in exact results in relativistic hydrodynamics is reviewed. We discuss phenomenological applications in high-energy collisions and theoretical features of the solutions. We compare the method of numerical modelling…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-02-11 M. I. Nagy

Considering applications to relativistic heavy-ion collisions, we develop a rapidity-dependent thermal model that includes thermal smearing effect and longitudinal boost. We calibrate the model with thermal yields obtained from a multistage…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-12-15 Han Gao , Lipei Du , Sangyong Jeon , Charles Gale

Recent theoretical developments of relativistic hydrodynamics applied to ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions are briefly reviewed. In particular, the concept of a formal gradient expansion is discussed, which is a tool to compare…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-12-15 Wojciech Florkowski

We develop here a simple yet versatile model for nuclear fragmentation in heavy ion collisions. The model allows us to calculate thermodynamic properties such as phase transitions as well as the distribution of fragments at disassembly. In…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-09-08 Jicai Pan , Subal Das Gupta

The fluid-dynamical modeling of a nuclear collision at high energy usually starts shortly after the collision. A major source of uncertainty comes from the detailed modeling of the initial state. While the collision itself likely involves…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-12-22 Andreas Kirchner , Federica Capellino , Eduardo Grossi , Stefan Floerchinger

In this dissertation I introduce relativistic heavy ion collisions and describe theoretical approaches to understanding them--in particular, viscous hydrodynamic simulations and investigations of final state interactions. The successful…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-08-31 Matthew Luzum

An introductory overview of electromagnetic probes in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions is provided. Experimental evidence supporting the production of thermal photons and dileptons in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-05-24 Jean-François Paquet

Recent results connected to nuclear collision dynamics, from low up to relativistic energies, are reviewed. Heavy ion reactions offer the unique opportunity to probe the complex nuclear many-body dynamics and to explore, in laboratory…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-07-15 Maria Colonna

To study heavy ion collisions at energies to be available from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), we have developed a transport model that includes both initial partonic and final hadronic interactions. Specifically, the parton…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Bin Zhang , Che Ming Ko , Bao-An Li , Ziwei Lin

Ultra-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions at an energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 65 {\rm GeV}$ are studied in a three-dimensional Fluid Dynamical model. The results of a hydrodynamical evolution using the PIC-method are shown. The importance and…