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We study the moving phase of two-dimensional (2D) incompressible polar active fluids in the presence of both quenched and annealed disorder. We show that long-range polar order persists even in this defect-ridden two-dimensional system. We…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-11-04 Leiming Chen , Chiu Fan Lee , Ananyo Maitra , John Toner

The effect of quenched (frozen) orientational disorder on the collective motion of active particles is analyzed. We find that, as with annealed disorder (Langevin noise), active polar systems are far more robust against quenched disorder…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-12-19 John Toner , Nicholas Guttenberg , Yuhai Tu

We reanalyze the hydrodynamic theory of "flocks" that is, polar ordered "dry" active fluids in two dimensions. For "Malthusian" flocks, in which birth and death cause the density to relax quickly, thereby eliminating density as a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-04-01 Leiming Chen , Patrick Jentsch , Chiu Fan Lee , Ananyo Maitra , Sriram Ramaswamy , John Toner

Working in two space dimensions, we show that the orientational order emerging from self-propelled polar particles aligning nematically is quasi-long-ranged beyond $\ell_{\rm r}$, the scale associated to induced velocity reversals, which is…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-07-28 Benoît Mahault , Hugues Chaté

We present a hydrodynamic theory of polar active smectics, for systems both with and without number conservation. For the latter, we find quasi long-ranged smectic order in d=2 and long-ranged smectic order in d=3. In d=2 there is a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-12 Leiming Chen , John Toner

We present a comprehensive theory of the dynamics and fluctuations of a two-dimensional suspension of polar active particles in an incompressible fluid confined to a substrate. We show that, depending on the sign of a single parameter, a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-01-22 Ananyo Maitra , Pragya Srivastava , M. Cristina Marchetti , Sriram Ramaswamy , Martin Lenz

Long-wavelength Mermin-Wagner fluctuations prevent the existence of translational long-range order, in two-dimensional systems at finite temperature. Their dynamical signature, which is the divergence of the vibrational amplitude with the…

It is now well established that the Mermin-Wagner theorem can be circumvented in nonequilibrium systems, allowing for the spontaneous breaking of a continuous symmetry and the emergence of long-range order in low dimensions. However, only a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-03 Oriana K. Diessel , Jaewon Kim , Ehud Altman

We construct the hydrodynamic theory of coherent collective motion ("flocking") at a solid-liquid interface. The polar order parameter and concentration of a collection of "active" (self-propelled) particles at a planar interface between a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-01-05 Niladri Sarkar , Abhik Basu , John Toner

We present a hydrodynamic theory of incompressible polar active fluids with quenched disorder. This theory shows that such fluids can overcome the disruption caused by the quenched disorder and move coherently, in the sense of having a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-11-04 Leiming Chen , Chiu Fan Lee , Ananyo Maitra , John Toner

In this work, we discuss how the linear and non-linear advection terms modify the scaling behavior of the continuous symmetry breaking and stabilize the long-range order, even in $d=2$ far from equilibrium, by means of simple scaling…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-01-23 Harukuni Ikeda

When driven by nonequilibrium fluctuations, particle systems may display phase transitions and physical behaviour with no equilibrium counterpart. We study a two-dimensional particle model initially proposed to describe driven non-Brownian…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-08-23 Leonardo Galliano , Michael E. Cates , Ludovic Berthier

I show that two-dimensional nematic order in an active fluid film can be stable and long-ranged if exchange of particles and momentum with an ambient three-dimensional fluid is allowed. Number-conserving films present an instability, with a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-26 Ananyo Maitra

We construct a hydrodynamic theory of noisy, apolar active smectics, in bulk suspension or on a substrate. Our predictions include: quasi-long-ranged smectic order in dimension d = 2, and long- ranged in d = 3, extending previously…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-03-19 Tapan Chandra Adhyapak , Sriram Ramaswamy , John Toner

We consider the hydrodynamic scaling behavior of the mass density with respect to a general class of mass conservative interacting particle systems on ${\mathbb Z}^n$, where the jump rates are asymmetric and long-range of order…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-28 Sunder Sethuraman , Doron Shahar

Generalized hydrodynamic theory, which does not rest on the requirement of a local equilibrium, is derived in the long-wave limit of a kinetic equation. The theory bridges the whole frequency range between the quasistatic (Navier-Stokes)…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 I. V. Tokatly , O. Pankratov

Phenomenological rules that govern the collective behaviour of complex physical systems are powerful tools because they can make concrete predictions about their universality class based on generic considerations, such as symmetries,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-01-14 Giulia Pisegna , Suropriya Saha , Ramin Golestanian

We construct a coarse-grained effective two-dimensional (2d) hydrodynamic theory as a theoretical model for a coupled system of a fluid membrane and a thin layer of a polar active fluid in its ordered state that is anchored to the membrane.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2012-11-15 Niladri Sarkar , Abhik Basu

We study the critical behavior of the $O(n)$ model under steady shear flow using a dynamical renormalization group (RG) method. Incorporating the strong anisotropy in scaling ansatz, which has been neglected in earlier RG analyses, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-20 Harukuni Ikeda , Hiroyoshi Nakano

We construct the hydrodynamic equations for {\em suspensions} of self-propelled particles (SPPs) with spontaneous orientational order, and make a number of striking, testable predictions:(i) SPP suspensions with the symmetry of a true {\em…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-07 R. Aditi Simha , Sriram Ramaswamy
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