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We consider questions in Galois cohomology which arise by considering mod $p$ Galois representations arising from automorphic forms. We consider a Galois cohomological analog for the standard heuristics about the distribution of Wieferich…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-12 Gebhard Boeckle , David-A. Guiraud , Sudesh Kalyanswamy , Chandrashekhar Khare

Let l be a prime number and let E and E' be l-isogenous elliptic curves defined over Q. In this paper we determine the proportion of primes p for which E(F_p) is isomorphic to E'(F_p). Our techniques are based on those developed in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-01 John Cullinan , Nathan Kaplan

We introduce a probability distribution Q on the group of permutations of the set Z of integers. Distribution Q is a natural extension of the Mallows distribution on the finite symmetric group. A one-sided infinite counterpart of Q,…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-03-04 Alexander Gnedin , Grigori Olshanski

We prove that, on average, elliptic curves over Q have finitely many primes p for which they possess a p-adic point of order p. We include a discussion of applications to companion forms and the deformation theory of Galois representations.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Chantal David , Tom Weston

For a number field K and a finite abelian group G, we determine the probabilities of various local completions of a random G-extension of K when extensions are ordered by conductor. In particular, for a fixed prime p of K, we determine the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Melanie Matchett Wood

Malle proposed a conjecture for counting the number of $G$-extensions $L/K$ with discriminant bounded above by $X$, denoted $N(K,G;X)$, where $G$ is a fixed transitive subgroup $G\subset S_n$ and $X$ tends towards infinity. We introduce a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-09 Brandon Alberts

Using the fact that Hopf-Galois structures on separable extensions and skew bracoids are both intrinsically connected to transitive subgroups of the holomorph of a finite group, we present algorithms to classify and enumerate these objects…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Andrew Darlington , Eamonn O'Brien

The goal of this paper is to describe an elementary combinatorial heuristic that predicts Hardy and Littlewood's extended Goldbach's conjecture. We examine common features of other heuristics in additive prime number theory, such as…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-18 Christian Táfula

In this paper, we prove, under a technical assumption, that any semi-direct product of a $p$-group $G$ with a group $\Phi$ of order prime to $p$ can appear as the Galois group of a tower of extensions $H/K/F$ with the property that $H$ is…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-12 Andreea Iorga

We compute the Galois group of the maximal 2-ramified and complexified pro-2-extension of any 2-rational number field.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-06 Georges Gras , Jean-François Jaulent

While the sequence of primes is very well distributed in the reduced residue classes (mod $q$), the distribution of pairs of consecutive primes among the permissible $\phi(q)^2$ pairs of reduced residue classes (mod $q$) is surprisingly…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-04-27 Robert J. Lemke Oliver , Kannan Soundararajan

We study the growth of the Galois invariants of the $p$-Selmer group of an elliptic curve in a degree $p$ Galois extension. We show that this growth is determined by certain local cohomology groups and determine necessary and sufficient…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-01-15 Julio Brau

We provide evidence for this conclusion: given a finite Galois cover $f: X \rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1_\mathbb{Q}$ of group $G$, almost all (in a density sense) realizations of $G$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ do not occur as specializations of $f$. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-20 Joachim König , François Legrand

How many rational points are there on a random algebraic curve of large genus $g$ over a given finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$? We propose a heuristic for this question motivated by a (now proven) conjecture of Mumford on the cohomology of…

Ideas and techniques from Khare's and Wintenberger's article on the proof of Serre's conjecture for odd conductors are used to establish that for a fixed prime l infinitely many of the groups PSL_2(F_{l^r}) (for r running) occur as Galois…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-11-21 Gabor Wiese

We compute the vertical unramified Brauer group of the Galois normic bundles, which are given by $\mathrm{N}_{K/k}(\mathbf{z})=P(x)$. Our main result gives combinatorial formulas for the vertical unramified Brauer groups in terms of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-05 Yufan Liu

Let p be a prime number and M a quadratic number field, M not equal to Q(\sqrt{p}) if p is congruent to 1 modulo 4. We will prove that for any positive integer d there exists a Galois extension F/Q with Galois group D_{2p} and an elliptic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-12 Alex Bartel

The main purpose of this article is to study pro-$p$ groups with quadratic $\mathbb{F}_p$-cohomology algebra, i.e. $H^\bullet$-quadratic pro-$p$ groups. Prime examples of such groups are the maximal Galois pro-$p$ groups of fields…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Claudio Quadrelli , Ilir Snopce , Matteo Vannacci

Let $p$ be an odd prime and $e_p$ be its irregularity index. If $4e_p+8 <\frac{p-1}{2}$ we construct a Galois representation with image in the diagonal torus of $\op{GSp}_4(\Fp)$ that lifts to a characteristic $0$ representation unramified…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-08-24 Simone Maletto

Given an elliptic curve $E$ and a finite Abelian group $G$, we consider the problem of counting the number of primes $p$ for which the group of points modulo $p$ is isomorphic to $G$. Under a certain conjecture concerning the distribution…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-13 Chantal David , Ethan Smith