Related papers: Normality and Finite-state Dimension of Liouville …

In this article we study the generalized Fourier dimension of the set of Liouville numbers $\mathbb{L}$. Being a set of zero Hausdorff dimension, the analysis has to be done at the level of functions with a slow decay at infinity acting as…

{\em The Liouville number}, denoted $l$, is defined by $$l:=0.100101011101101111100...,$$ where the $n$th bit is given by ${1/2}(1+\gl(n))$; here $\gl$ is the Liouville function for the parity of prime divisors of $n$. Presumably the…

Let $L=(L_d)_{d \in \mathbb N}$ be any ordered probability sequence, i.e., satisfying $0 < L_{d+1} \le L_d$ for each $d \in \mathbb N$ and $\sum_{d \in \mathbb N} L_d =1$. We construct sequences $A = (a_i)_{i \in \mathbb N}$ on the…

Let s be an integer greater than or equal to 2. A real number is simply normal to base s if in its base-s expansion every digit 0, 1, ..., s-1 occurs with the same frequency 1/s. Let X be the set of positive integers that are not perfect…

The equidistribution of the double sign patterns of the Liouville function $\lambda$ is proved unconditionally. As application, it is shown that the computable real number $$\sum_{n \geq 1} \frac{1+\lambda(n)}{2^{n}}$$ is a simply normal…

Defined by Borel, a real number is normal to an integer base $b$, greater than or equal to $2$, if in its base-$b$ expansion every block of digits occurs with the same limiting frequency as every other block of the same length. We consider…

We obtain positive lower bounds on the Hausdorff dimension of sets of real numbers given by expressions of the form $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{a_n b_n}$, where $b_n$ satisfies some growth condition and $a_n$ lies in some set, possibly…

A real number $x$ is considered normal in an integer base $b \geq 2$ if its digit expansion in this base is ``equitable'', ensuring that for each $k \geq 1$, every ordered sequence of $k$ digits from $\{0, 1, \ldots, b-1\}$ occurs in the…

For every positive integer $m$ LeVeque (1953) defined the $U_m$-numbers as the transcendental numbers that admit very good approximation by algebraic numbers of degree $m$, but not by those of smaller degree. In these terms, Mahler's…

We consider complex rational vector fields in dimension $n>2$ (equivalently, differential forms of degree $n-1$ in $n$ variables) which admit a Liouvillian first integral. Extending a classical result by Singer for $n=2$, our main result…

We use entropy rates and Schur concavity to prove that, for every integer k >= 2, every nonzero rational number q, and every real number alpha, the base-k expansions of alpha, q+alpha, and q*alpha all have the same finite-state dimension…

In 2008 or earlier, Michel Mend\`es France asked for an instance of a real number $x$ such that both $x$ and $1/x$ are simply normal to a given integer base $b$. We give a positive answer to this question by constructing a number $x$ such…

We give a construction of a real number that is normal to all integer bases and continued fraction normal. The computation of the first n digits of its continued fraction expansion performs in the order of n^4 mathematical operations. The…

In this work, we study real numbers $x$ for which $p(x)$ is (absolutely) normal for every non-constant integer-valued polynomial $p$. We call such numbers transcendentally normal. We prove that almost every real number is transcendentally…

We prove the existence of a family of non-trivial solutions of the Liouville equation in dimensions two and four with infinite volume. These solutions are perturbations of a finite-volume solution of the same equation in one dimension less.…

Let $p$ be an algebraic point of a projective variety $X$ defined over a number field. Liouville inequality tells us that the norm at $p$ of a non vanishing integral global section of an hermitian line bundle over $X$ is either zero or it…

A 1952 result of Davenport and Erd\H{o}s states that if $p$ is an integer-valued polynomial, then the real number $0.p(1)p(2)p(3)\dots$ is Borel normal in base ten. A later result of Nakai and Shiokawa extends this result to polynomials…

We consider Liouville-type and partial regularity results for the nonlinear fourth-order problem $$ \Delta^2 u=|u|^{p-1}u\ \{in} \ \R^n,$$ where $ p>1$ and $n\ge1$. We give a complete classification of stable and finite Morse index…

We define a random Liouville function (\lambda_Q) which depends on a random set (Q) of primes and prove that (A_Q = \{n \in \mathbb{N} | \lambda_Q(n) = -1 \}) is normal almost everywhere. This fact enables us to generate a family of normal…

The classical Liouvile integrability means that there exist $n$ independent first integrals in involution for $2n$-dimensional phase space. However, in the infinite-dimensional case, an infinite number of independent first integrals in…