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We consider how to make probability forecasts of binary labels. Our main mathematical result is that for any continuous gambling strategy used for detecting disagreement between the forecasts and the actual labels, there exists a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Vladimir Vovk , Akimichi Takemura , Glenn Shafer

We propose a sequential optimizing betting strategy in the multi-dimensional bounded forecasting game in the framework of game-theoretic probability of Shafer and Vovk (2001). By studying the asymptotic behavior of its capital process, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-02-16 Masayuki Kumon , Akimichi Takemura , Kei Takeuchi

In the framework of the game-theoretic probability of Shafer and Vovk (2001) it is of basic importance to construct an explicit strategy weakly forcing the strong law of large numbers (SLLN) in the bounded forecasting game. We present a…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-01-27 Masayuki Kumon , Akimichi Takemura

We study multistep Bayesian betting strategies in coin-tossing games in the framework of game-theoretic probability of Shafer and Vovk (2001). We show that by a countable mixture of these strategies, a gambler or an investor can exploit…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2010-08-23 Kei Takeuchi , Masayuki Kumon , Akimichi Takemura

In this paper we present a novel approach to optimise tactical and strategic decision making in football (soccer). We model the game of football as a multi-stage game which is made up from a Bayesian game to model the pre-match decisions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Ryan Beal , Georgios Chalkiadakis , Timothy J. Norman , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn

Planning safe robot motions in the presence of humans requires reliable forecasts of future human motion. However, simply predicting the most likely motion from prior interactions does not guarantee safety. Such forecasts fail to model the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Kushal Kedia , Prithwish Dan , Sanjiban Choudhury

Quantum Decision Theory, advanced earlier by the authors, and illustrated for lotteries with gains, is generalized to the games containing lotteries with gains as well as losses. The mathematical structure of the approach is based on the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-20 V. I. Yukalov , D. Sornette

We consider strong law of large numbers (SLLN) in the framework of game-theoretic probability of Shafer and Vovk (2001). We prove several versions of SLLN for the case that Reality's moves are unbounded. Our game-theoretic versions of SLLN…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-08-27 Masayuki Kumon , Akimichi Takemura , Kei Takeuchi

In Major League Baseball, strategy and planning are major factors in determining the outcome of a game. Previous studies have aided this by building machine learning models for predicting the winning team of any given game. We extend this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Morgan Allen , Paul Savala

This paper employs a Bayesian methodology to predict the results of soccer matches in real-time. Using sequential data of various events throughout the match, we utilize a multinomial probit regression in a novel framework to estimate the…

Applications · Statistics 2024-10-17 Chinmay Divekar , Soudeep Deb , Rishideep Roy

This paper explores a predictive game in which a Forecaster announces odds based on a time-homogeneous Markov kernel, establishing a game-theoretic law of large numbers for the relative frequencies of occurrences of all finite strings. A…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Takara Nomura , Akio Fujiwara

We use a simple machine learning model, logistically-weighted regularized linear least squares regression, in order to predict baseball, basketball, football, and hockey games. We do so using only the thirty-year record of which visiting…

Applications · Statistics 2017-05-16 Alexander Dubbs

Using the game-theoretic framework for probability, Vovk and Shafer. have shown that it is always possible, using randomization, to make sequential probability forecasts that pass any countable set of well-behaved statistical tests. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2008-10-21 Vladimir V. V'yugin

This work contains the mathematical exploration of a few prototypical games in which central concepts from statistics and probability theory naturally emerge. The first two kinds of games are termed Fisher and Bayesian games, which are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-27 Jozsef Konczer

We give a unified treatment of the convergence of random series and the rate of convergence of strong law of large numbers in the framework of game-theoretic probability of Shafer and Vovk (2001). We consider games with the quadratic hedge…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-11-23 Kenshi Miyabe , Akimichi Takemura

When applied to the same game, probability theory and game theory can disagree on calculated values of the Fisher information, the log likelihood function, entropy gradients, the rank and Jacobian of variable transforms, and even the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-08-21 Michael J. Gagen

Decomposition methods are often used for producing counterfactual predictions in non-strategic settings. When the outcome of interest arises from a game-theoretic setting where agents are better off by deviating from their strategies after…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-07-03 Nathan Canen , Kyungchul Song

Many planning and decision activities in logistics and supply chain management are based on forecasts of multiple time dependent factors. Therefore, the quality of planning depends on the quality of the forecasts. We compare various…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-07 Lena Schmid , Moritz Roidl , Markus Pauly

Forecasting sporting events encapsulate a compelling intellectual endeavor, underscored by the substantial financial activity of an estimated $80 billion wagered in global sports betting during 2022, a trend that grows yearly. Motivated by…

Conventional noncooperative game theory hypothesizes that the joint strategy of a set of players in a game must satisfy an "equilibrium concept". All other joint strategies are considered impossible; the only issue is what equilibrium…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 David H. Wolpert
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