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We review definitions and basic properties of operads, PROPs and algebras over these structures.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Martin Markl

Graph product structure theory expresses certain graphs as subgraphs of the strong product of much simpler graphs. In particular, an elegant formulation for the corresponding structural theorems involves the strong product of a path and of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Michael A. Bekos , Giordano Da Lozzo , Petr Hliněný , Michael Kaufmann

Many automatic theorem-provers rely on rewriting. Using theorems as rewrite rules helps to simplify the subgoals that arise during a proof. LCF is an interactive theorem-prover intended for reasoning about computation. Its implementation of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Lawrence C. Paulson

Discovering the underlying structures present in large real world graphs is a fundamental scientific problem. In this paper we show that a graph's clique tree can be used to extract a hyperedge replacement grammar. If we store an ordering…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-08-11 Salvador Aguiñaga , Rodrigo Palacios , David Chiang , Tim Weninger

A biform theory is a combination of an axiomatic theory and an algorithmic theory that supports the integration of reasoning and computation. These are ideal for formalizing algorithms that manipulate mathematical expressions. A theory…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-07-27 Jacques Carette , William M. Farmer

Network graphs have become a popular tool to represent complex systems composed of many interacting subunits; especially in neuroscience, network graphs are increasingly used to represent and analyze functional interactions between neural…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Patricia Wollstadt , Ulrich Meyer , Michael Wibral

It is natural for probabilistic programs to use conditionals to express alternative substructures in models, and loops (recursion) to express repeated substructures in models. Thus, probabilistic programs with conditionals and recursion…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-10-26 David Chiang , Chung-chieh Shan

Topology identification and inference of processes evolving over graphs arise in timely applications involving brain, transportation, financial, power, as well as social and information networks. This chapter provides an overview of graph…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-12 Gonzalo Mateos , Yanning Shen , Georgios B. Giannakis , Ananthram Swami

Reasoning, the ability to logically draw conclusions from existing knowledge, is a hallmark of human. Together with perception, they constitute the two major themes of artificial intelligence. While deep learning has pushed the limit of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zhaocheng Zhu

Herein we develop category-theoretic tools for understanding network-style diagrammatic languages. The archetypal network-style diagrammatic language is that of electric circuits; other examples include signal flow graphs, Markov processes,…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2016-09-20 Brendan Fong

This work attempts to interpret modern deep (convolutional) networks from the principles of rate reduction and (shift) invariant classification. We show that the basic iterative gradient ascent scheme for optimizing the rate reduction of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Kwan Ho Ryan Chan , Yaodong Yu , Chong You , Haozhi Qi , John Wright , Yi Ma

I aim to show that models, classification or generating functions, invariances and datasets are algorithmically equivalent concepts once properly defined, and provide some concrete examples of them. I then show that a) neural networks (NNs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-19 Giulio Ruffini

We introduce a class of rooted graphs which allows one to encode various kinds of classical or quantum circuits. We then follow a set-theoretic approach to define rewrite systems over the considered graphs and propose a new complete…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Rachid Echahed , Mnacho Echenim , Mehdi Mhalla , Nicolas Peltier

The operad of moulds is realized in terms of an operational calculus of formal integrals (continuous formal power series). This leads to many simplifications and to the discovery of various suboperads. In particular, we prove a conjecture…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-10-18 Frédéric Chapoton , Florent Hivert , Jean-Christophe Novelli , Jean-Yves Thibon

Multiplex networks are collections of networks with identical nodes but distinct layers of edges. They are genuine representations for a large variety of real systems whose elements interact in multiple fashions or flavors. However,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-27 Daniel Kaiser , Siddharth Patwardhan , Minsuk Kim , Filippo Radicchi

The representation of graphs is commonly based on the adjacency matrix concept. This formulation is the foundation of most algebraic and computational approaches to graph processing. The advent of deep learning language models offers a wide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Ezequiel Lopez-Rubio

Regular tree grammars and regular path expressions constitute core constructs widely used in programming languages and type systems. Nevertheless, there has been little research so far on frameworks for reasoning about path expressions…

Databases · Computer Science 2010-08-31 Everardo Barcenas , Pierre Geneves , Nabil Layaida , Alan Schmitt

Modern neural network architectures can leverage large amounts of data to generalize well within the training distribution. However, they are less capable of systematic generalization to data drawn from unseen but related distributions, a…

We develop a general model theoretic semantics to rewriting beyond the usual confluence and termination assumptions. This is based on preordered algebra which is a model theory that extends many sorted algebra. In this framework we…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-04-27 Răzvan Diaconescu

Modeling distributed computing in a way enabling the use of formal methods is a challenge that has been approached from different angles, among which two techniques emerged at the turn of the century: protocol complexes, and directed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Pierre Fraigniaud , Ami Paz
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