Related papers: Alternative Mathematics without Actual Infinity
It is shown that Quantum Mechanics is ambiguous when predicting relative frequencies for an entangled system if the measurements of both subsystems are performed in spatially separated events. This ambiguity gives way to unphysical…
There are many examples in the literature that suggest that indistinguishability is intransitive, despite the fact that the indistinguishability relation is typically taken to be an equivalence relation (and thus transitive). It is shown…
We apply the algebraic theory of infinite classical lattices from Part I to write an axiomatic theory of measurements, based on Mackey's axioms for quantum mechanics. The axioms give a complete theory of measurements in the sense of Haag…
Two special situations where the standard uncertainty product inequality appears to be useless are modified. One such case is noted to also trivialize the recently-introduced alternatives [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 260401 (2014); Sci. Rep. 6,…
In important papers on cake-cutting -- one of the key areas in fair division and resource allocation -- the measure-theoretical fundamentals are not fully correctly given. It is not clear (i) which family of sets should be taken for the…
In relation to the Erd\H os similarity problem (show that for any infinite set $A$ of real numbers there exists a set of positive Lebesgue measure which contains no affine copy of $A$) we give some new examples of infinite sets which are…
The existence of incompatibility is one of the most fundamental features of quantum theory, and can be found at the core of many of the theory's distinguishing features, such as Bell inequality violations and the no-broadcasting theorem. A…
We start by presenting a theory of finite sets using the approach which is essentially that taken by Whitehead and Russell in Principia Mathematica}, and which does not involve the natural numbers (or any other infinite set). This theory is…
The Turing machine is one of the simple abstract computational devices that can be used to investigate the limits of computability. In this paper, they are considered from several points of view that emphasize the importance and the…
A boundary value problem on an unbounded domain, associated to difference equations with the Euclidean mean curvature operator is considered. The existence of solutions which are positive on the whole domain and decaying at infinity is…
We introduce a new information-theoretic formulation of quantum measurement uncertainty relations, based on the notion of relative entropy between measurement probabilities. In the case of a finite-dimensional system and for any approximate…
Quantitative algebras are algebras enriched in the category $\mathsf{Met}$ of metric spaces so that all operations are nonexpanding. Mardare, Plotkin and Panangaden introduced varieties (aka $1$-basic varieties) as classes of quantitative…
We present a novel approach to uncertainty quantification in classification tasks based on label-wise decomposition of uncertainty measures. This label-wise perspective allows uncertainty to be quantified at the individual class level,…
A new class of exclusion type processes acting in continuum with synchronous updating is introduced and studied. Ergodic averages of particle velocities are obtained and their connections to other statistical quantities, in particular to…
The replacement (or collection or choice) axiom scheme asserts bounded quantifier exchange. We prove the independence of this scheme from various weak theories of arithmetic, sometimes under a complexity assumption.
In this article we present an axiomatic definition of sets with individuals and a definition of natural numbers and ordinals. We use the axioms pairs, union, power, regularity and separation. We define the equality of sets and of…
A philosophically consistent axiomatic approach to classical and quantum mechanics is given. The approach realizes a strong formal implementation of Bohr's correspondence principle. In all instances, classical and quantum concepts are fully…
Two models of integral theory based on the concept of a differential as a certain infinitesimal quantity are considered. One theory treats an infinitesimal quantity as a zero-tending sequence. The second is as an infinitesimal Hyper-real.
The world of mathematics is often considered abstract, with its symbols, concepts, and topics appearing unrelated to physical objects. However, it is important to recognize that the development of mathematics is fundamentally influenced by…
The smooth development of large parts of mathematics hinges on the idea that some sets are `small' or `negligible' and can therefore be ignored for a given purpose. The perhaps most famous smallness notion, namely `measure zero', originated…