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The study of theory combination in Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) involves various model theoretic properties (e.g., stable infiniteness, smoothness, etc.). We show that such properties can be partly captured by the natural density of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Guilherme V. Toledo , Yoni Zohar

A substantial school in the philosophy of science identifies Bayesian inference with inductive inference and even rationality as such, and seems to be strengthened by the rise and practical success of Bayesian statistics. We argue that the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-02-21 Andrew Gelman , Cosma Rohilla Shalizi

One presents many Concatenated and Operation Sequences, P-Q Relationships, Digital Sequences, Magic Squares, Prime Conjectures, k-Divisibility and Strong Divisibility Sequences, Geometric Conjectures, Proposed problems.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Florentin Smarandache

It is argued from several points of view that quantum probabilities might play a role in statistical settings. New approaches toward quantum foundations have postulates that appear to be equally valid in macroscopic settings. One such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Inge S. Helland

A fundamental problem in science is how to make logical inferences from scientific data. Mere data does not suffice since additional information is necessary to select a domain of models or hypotheses and thus determine the likelihood of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Moorad Alexanian

Motivated by Breiman's rousing 2001 paper on the "two cultures" in statistics, we consider the role that different modeling approaches play in causal inference. We discuss the relationship between model complexity and causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-30 Matteo Bonvini , Alan Mishler , Edward H. Kennedy

The paper introduces the notion of the size of countable sets that preserves the Part-Whole Principle and generalizes the notion of the cardinality of finite sets. The sizes of natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, and all their…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Kateřina Trlifajová

We apply the new theory of cluster algebras of Fomin and Zelevinsky to study some combinatorial problems arising in Lie theory. This is joint work with Geiss and Schr\"oer (3, 4, 5, 6), and with Hernandez (8, 9).

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2010-09-24 Bernard Leclerc

We introduce in this section an Algebraic and Combinatorial approach to the theory of Numbers. The approach rests on the observation that numbers can be identified with familiar combinatorial objects namely rooted trees, which we shall here…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-01-18 Edinah K. Gnang

Since the mathematicians of ancient Greece until Fermat, since Gauss until today; the way how the primes along the numerical straight line are distributed has become perhaps the most difficult math problem; many people believe that their…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2013-05-30 Jonas Castillo Toloza

Rosser theories play an important role in the study of the incompleteness phenomenon and meta-mathematics of arithmetic. In this paper, we first define the notions of $n$-Rosser theories, exact $n$-Rosser theories, effectively $n$-Rosser…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-10-02 Yong Cheng

Can machine learning help discover new mathematical structures? In this article we discuss an approach to doing this which one can call "mathematical data science". In this paradigm, one studies mathematical objects collectively rather than…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-02-14 Michael R. Douglas , Kyu-Hwan Lee

The problem of advancing coordinatization of mathematics is considered. The need to develop a theory for measuring value and complexity of mathematical implications and proofs is discussed including motivations, benefits and implementation…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2018-03-07 Peteris Daugulis

We survey the classical results on the prime number theorem

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yong-Cheol Kim

Some class of sums which naturally include the sums of powers of integers is considered. A number of conjectures concerning a representation of these sums is made.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-02 Andrei K. Svinin

The study examines the relationship between Ball's magic numbers and reverses divisors. These numbers are the source of beautiful and curious properties. Activities related to numbers can be a fun way to motivate mathematics students, while…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Eudes Antonio Costa , Ronaldo Antônio Santos

Dempster-Shafer theory is widely applied to uncertainty modelling and knowledge reasoning due to its ability of expressing uncertain information. However, some conditions, such as exclusiveness hypothesis and completeness constraint, limit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-05-13 Xinyang Deng , Yong Deng

In 1957 Leo Moser published a problem in American Mathematical Monthly asking whether knowing the set of all pairwise sums of five numbers one could determine the original numbers. Problem was quickly generalized as "Is it always possible…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-08 Dmitri Fomin

Many questions of fundamental interest in todays science can be formulated as inference problems: Some partial, or noisy, observations are performed over a set of variables and the goal is to recover, or infer, the values of the variables…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-01-24 Lenka Zdeborová , Florent Krzakala

Mathematical notations around the world are diverse. Not as much as requiring computing machines' makers to adapt to each culture, but as much as to disorient a person landing on a web-page with a text in mathematics. In order to understand…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2010-04-30 Paul Libbrecht