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The Hardy--Littlewood prime $k$-tuples conjecture has long been thought to be completely unapproachable with current methods. While this sadly remains true, startling breakthroughs of Zhang, Maynard, and Tao have nevertheless made…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-03-25 Abel Castillo , Chris Hall , Robert J. Lemke Oliver , Paul Pollack , Lola Thompson

Recently, many surveys are devoted to study the Clifford Fourier transform. Dealing with the real Clifford Fourier transform introduced by Hitzer [10], we establish analogues of the classical Heisenberg's inequality and Hardy's theorem in…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-11-08 Rim Jday

Building on the earlier works of Gadiyar and Padma, the main result of this paper is to prove: \begin{equation} \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{1}{N} \sum_{n=1}^{N} \frac{\phi(n) \Lambda\left(n \right)}{n} \frac{\phi(n+h) \Lambda\left(n…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2015-11-19 John Washburn

The rich history of prime numbers includes great names such as Euclid, who first analytically studied the prime numbers and proved that there is an infinite number of them, Euler, who introduced the function $\zeta(s)\equiv\sum_{n=1}^\infty…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-12 Ernesto P. Borges , Takeshi Kodama , Constantino Tsallis

We establish the Hardy-Littlewood property (\`a la Borovoi-Rudnick) for Zariski open subsets in affine quadrics of the form $q(x_1,\cdots,x_n)=m$, where $q$ is a non-degenerate integral quadratic form in $n\geqslant 3$ variables and $m$ is…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-13 Yang Cao , Zhizhong Huang

The nonlinear recurrences we consider here include the functions $3x(1-x)$ and $\cos(x)$, which possess attractive fixed points $2/3$ and $0.739...$ (Dottie's number). Detailed asymptotics for oscillatory convergence are found, starting…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-07 Steven Finch

Let $q\ge 2$ and $N\ge 1$ be integers. W. Zhang (2008) has shown that for any fixed $\epsilon> 0$, and $q^{\epsilon} \le N \le q^{1/2 -\epsilon}$, $$ \sum_{\chi \ne \chi_0} |\sum_{n=1}^N \chi(n)|^2 |L(1, \chi)|^2 = (1 + o(1)) \alpha_q q N…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-07-26 Igor Shparlinski

Let $p_n$ denote the $n$-th prime. In 2000, Panaitopol established the inequality $p_1 \cdots p_n > p_{n+1}^{n - \pi(n)}$ for all $n \geq 2$, where $\pi(x)$ is the prime counting function. In 2021, Yang and Liao refined this by introducing…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Diego Marques , Pavel Trojovsky

Let $K$ be a fixed number field, and assume that $K$ is Galois over $\qq$. Previously, the author showed that when estimating the number of prime ideals with norm congruent to $a$ modulo $q$ via the Chebotar\"ev Density Theorem, the mean…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-10-16 Ethan Smith

Consider a quadratic polynomial $f\left(\xi_{1},\dots,\xi_{n}\right)$ of independent Bernoulli random variables. What can be said about the concentration of $f$ on any single value? This generalises the classical Littlewood--Offord problem,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-11 Matthew Kwan , Lisa Sauermann

For any positive integer r, let pi_{2r}(x) denote the number of prime pairs (p, p+2r) with p not exceeding (large) x. According to the prime-pair conjecture of Hardy and Littlewood, pi_{2r}(x) should be asymptotic to 2C_{2r}li_2(x) with an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-06-26 Jacob Korevaar

Let $f$ be an arithmetic function satisfying some simple conditions. The aim of this paper is to establish an asymptotical formula for the quantity \[ S_f(x):=\sum_{n\leq x}\frac{f([x/n])}{[x/n]} \] as $x\rightarrow\infty$, where $[t]$ is…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-02 Jing Ma , Ronghui Wu

Let $\lambda$ denote the Liouville function. We show that as $X \rightarrow \infty$, $$ \int_{X}^{2X} \sup_{\alpha} \left | \sum_{x < n \leq x + H} \lambda(n) e(-\alpha n) \right | dx = o ( X H) $$ for all $H \geq X^{\theta}$ with $\theta >…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-05 Kaisa Matomäki , Maksym Radziwiłł , Terence Tao

We derive an asymptotic error formula for Gauss--Legendre quadrature applied to functions with limited regularity, using the contour-integral representation of the remainder term. To address the absence of uniformly valid approximations of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Pei Liu

An algebraic function of the third order plays an important role in the problem of asymptotics of Hermite-Pad\'e approximants for two analytic functions with branch points. This algebraic function appears as the Cauchy transform of the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-03-17 A. I. Aptekarev , D. N. Toulyakov , W. Van Assche

Let $X_{1},X_{2},...$ be a sequence of independent copies (s.i.c) of a real random variable (r.v.) $X\geq 1$, with distribution function $df$ $F(x)=\mathbb{P}% (X\leq x)$ and let $X_{1,n}\leq X_{2,n} \leq ... \leq X_{n,n}$ be the order…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-11-22 Gane Samb Lo , El Hadji Deme , Aliou Diop

The Littlewood conjecture, proven by Konyagin and McGehee-Pigno-Smith in the 1980s, states that if $A\subset \mathbb{Z}$ is a finite set of integers with $\lvert A\rvert=N$ then $\| \widehat{1_A}\|_1\geq c\log N$ for some absolute constant…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Thomas F. Bloom , Ben Green

Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev (HLS) Inequality fails in the "critical" case: \mu=n. However, for discrete HLS, we can derive a finite form of HLS inequality with logarithm correction for a critical case: \mu=n and p=q, by limiting the inequality…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2013-06-10 Ze Cheng , Congming Li

Let $p_n$ denote the $n$-th prime number, and let $d_n=p_{n+1}-p_{n}$. Under the Hardy--Littlewood prime-pair conjecture, we prove \begin{align*} \sum_{n\le X}\frac{\log^{\alpha}d_n}{d_n} \sim\begin{cases} \frac{X\log\log\log X}{\log…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-28 Nian Hong Zhou

Let $\zeta(s)$ and $Z(t)$ be the Riemann zeta function and Hardy's function respectively. We show asymptotic formulas for $\int_0^T Z(t)\zeta(1/2+it)dt$ and $\int_0^T Z^2(t) \zeta(1/2+it)dt$. Furthermore we derive an upper bound for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-26 Xiaodong Cao , Yoshio Tanigawa , Wenguang Zhai
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