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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate feedback, yet their impact on learning remains underexplored, especially compared to existing feedback methods. This study investigates how on-demand LLM-generated explanatory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Danielle R. Thomas , Conrad Borchers , Shambhavi Bhushan , Erin Gatz , Shivang Gupta , Kenneth R. Koedinger

In modern computer science education, massive open online courses (MOOCs) log thousands of hours of data about how students solve coding challenges. Being so rich in data, these platforms have garnered the interest of the machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Mike Wu , Milan Mosse , Noah Goodman , Chris Piech

Large language models (LLMs), such as Codex, hold great promise in enhancing programming education by automatically generating feedback for students. We investigate using LLMs to generate feedback for fixing syntax errors in Python…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Tung Phung , José Cambronero , Sumit Gulwani , Tobias Kohn , Rupak Majumdar , Adish Singla , Gustavo Soares

During lab studies of text entry methods it is typical to observer very few errors in participants' typing - users tend to type very carefully in labs. This is a problem when investigating methods to support error awareness or correction as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Andreas Komninos , Emma Nicol , Mark Dunlop

Can a machine learn Machine Learning? This work trains a machine learning model to solve machine learning problems from a University undergraduate level course. We generate a new training set of questions and answers consisting of course…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Sunny Tran , Pranav Krishna , Ishan Pakuwal , Prabhakar Kafle , Nikhil Singh , Jayson Lynch , Iddo Drori

Novice programmers often struggle with the formal syntax of programming languages. To assist them, we design a novel programming language correction framework amenable to reinforcement learning. The framework allows an agent to mimic human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-01 Rahul Gupta , Aditya Kanade , Shirish Shevade

Computing theory analyzes abstract computational models to rigorously study the computational difficulty of various problems. Introductory computing theory can be challenging for undergraduate students, and the main goal of our research is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Ivona Bezáková , Kimberly Fluet , Edith Hemaspaandra , Hannah Miller , David E. Narváez

In computer science education, test cases are an integral part of programming assignments since they can be used as assessment items to test students' programming knowledge and provide personalized feedback on student-written code. The goal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Nischal Ashok Kumar , Andrew Lan

Knowing the precise format of a program's input is a necessary prerequisite for systematic testing. Given a program and a small set of sample inputs, we (1) track the data flow of inputs to aggregate input fragments that share the same data…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-08-30 Matthias Höschele , Alexander Kampmann , Andreas Zeller

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide array of NLP tasks. However, their efficacy is undermined by undesired and inconsistent behaviors, including hallucination, unfaithful reasoning, and toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Liangming Pan , Michael Saxon , Wenda Xu , Deepak Nathani , Xinyi Wang , William Yang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) deployed as agents solve user-specified tasks over multiple steps while keeping the required manual engagement to a minimum. Crucially, such LLMs need to ground their generations in any feedback obtained to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jonas Gehring , Kunhao Zheng , Jade Copet , Vegard Mella , Quentin Carbonneaux , Taco Cohen , Gabriel Synnaeve

A key challenge in Imitation Learning (IL) is that optimal state actions demonstrations are difficult for the teacher to provide. For example in robotics, providing kinesthetic demonstrations on a robotic manipulator requires the teacher to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Matthew Schmittle , Sanjiban Choudhury , Siddhartha S. Srinivasa

We introduce a new model of interactive learning in which an expert examines the predictions of a learner and partially fixes them if they are wrong. Although this kind of feedback is not i.i.d., we show statistical generalization bounds on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-11 Sanjoy Dasgupta , Michael Luby

Measuring plagiarism in programming assignments is an essential task to the educational procedure. This paper discusses the methods of plagiarism and its detection in introductory programming course assignments written in C++. A small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Muhammad Humayoun , Muhammad Adnan Hashmi , Ali Hanzala Khan

We explore a new language model inversion problem under strict black-box, zero-shot, and limited data conditions. We propose a novel training-free framework that reconstructs prompts using only a limited number of text outputs from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Hanqing Li , Diego Klabjan

The rapid emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents both opportunities and challenges for programming education. While students increasingly use generative AI tools, direct access often hinders the learning process by providing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Thomas Van Mullem , Bart Mesuere , Peter Dawyndt

We present a method to control a text-to-image generative model to produce training data useful for supervised learning. Unlike previous works that employ an open-loop approach and pre-define prompts to generate new data using either a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Teresa Yeo , Andrei Atanov , Harold Benoit , Aleksandr Alekseev , Ruchira Ray , Pooya Esmaeil Akhoondi , Amir Zamir

The potential for pre-trained large language models (LLMs) to use natural language feedback at inference time has been an exciting recent development. We build upon this observation by formalizing an algorithm for learning from natural…

Supporting learners in introductory programming assignments at scale is a necessity. This support includes automated feedback on what learners did incorrectly. Existing approaches cast the problem as automatically repairing learners'…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Md Towhidul Absar Chowdhury , Maheen Riaz Contractor , Carlos R. Rivero

Manual grading of programming assignments in introductory computer science courses can be time-consuming and prone to inconsistencies. While unit testing is commonly used for automatic evaluation, it typically follows a binary pass/fail…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ahmad Memon , Abdallah Mohamed