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This study investigates the application of large language models, specifically GPT-4, to enhance programming education. The research outlines the design of a web application that uses GPT-4 to provide feedback on programming tasks, without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Sven Jacobs , Steffen Jaschke

Ever since the emergence of large language models (LLMs) and related applications, such as ChatGPT, its performance and error analysis for programming tasks have been subject to research. In this work-in-progress paper, we explore the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Natalie Kiesler , Dominic Lohr , Hieke Keuning

A key part of learning to program is learning to understand programming error messages. They can be hard to interpret and identifying the cause of errors can be time-consuming. One factor in this challenge is that the messages are typically…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Juho Leinonen , Arto Hellas , Sami Sarsa , Brent Reeves , Paul Denny , James Prather , Brett A. Becker

In large programming classes, it takes a significant effort from teachers to evaluate exercises and provide detailed feedback. In systems programming, test cases are not sufficient to assess exercises, since concurrency and resource…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Roberto Natella

This article presents a novel framework to provide Formal Languages and Automata Theory students design support for the development of regular expressions. This framework includes a design recipe for regular expressions and a customized…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Marco T. Morazán , Shamil Dzhatdoyev , Josephine Des Rosiers , Tijana Minić , Andrés M. Garced , David Anthony K. Fields

Small language models like T5 excel in generating high-quality text for data-to-text tasks, offering adaptability and cost-efficiency compared to Large Language Models (LLMs). However, they frequently miss keywords, which is considered one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Xuan Ren , Zeyu Zhang , Lingqiao Liu

A major challenge in the field of Text Generation is evaluation: Human evaluations are cost-intensive, and automated metrics often display considerable disagreement with human judgments. In this paper, we propose a statistical model of Text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Jan Deriu , Pius von Däniken , Don Tuggener , Mark Cieliebak

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) often contain an automated feedback component, which provides a predefined feedback message to students when they detect a predefined error. To such a feedback component, we often resort to template-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Hunter McNichols , Jaewook Lee , Stephen Fancsali , Steve Ritter , Andrew Lan

When learning to program, students are usually assessed based on the code they wrote. However, the mere completion of a programming task does not guarantee actual comprehension of the underlying concepts. Asking learners questions about the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Florian Obermüller , Gordon Fraser

Modern computing students often rely on both natural-language prompting and manual code editing to solve programming tasks. Yet we still lack a clear understanding of how these two modes are combined in practice, and how their usage varies…

Due to the vast number of students enrolled in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), there has been an increasing number of automated program repair techniques focused on introductory programming assignments (IPAs). Such techniques take…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Pedro Orvalho , Mikoláš Janota , Vasco Manquinho

Developing interactive software, such as websites or games, is a particularly engaging way to learn computer science. However, teaching and giving feedback on such software is time-consuming -- standard approaches require instructors to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Evan Zheran Liu , Moritz Stephan , Allen Nie , Chris Piech , Emma Brunskill , Chelsea Finn

Despite the growing use of large language models (LLMs) for providing feedback, limited research has explored how to achieve high-quality feedback. This case study introduces an evaluation framework to assess different zero-shot prompt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Niklas Ippisch , Anna-Carolina Haensch , Jan Simson , Jacob Beck , Markus Herklotz , Malte Schierholz

Many programmers, when they encounter an error, would like to have the benefit of automatic fix suggestions---as long as they are, most of the time, adequate. Initial research in this direction has generally limited itself to specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-03-18 Yu Pei , Yi Wei , Carlo A. Furia , Martin Nordio , Bertrand Meyer

With the recent rapid increase in digitization across all major industries, acquiring programming skills has increased the demand for introductory programming courses. This has further resulted in universities integrating programming…

Question Generation (QG) is a task of Natural Language Processing (NLP) that aims at automatically generating questions from text. Many applications can benefit from automatically generated questions, but often it is necessary to curate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Hugo Rodrigues , Eric Nyberg , Luisa Coheur

Generative AI and large language models hold great promise in enhancing programming education by automatically generating individualized feedback for students. We investigate the role of generative AI models in providing human tutor-style…

Introductory programming courses often emphasize mastering syntax and basic constructs before progressing to more complex and interesting programs. This bottom-up approach can be frustrating for novices, shifting the focus away from problem…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Chris Kerslake , Paul Denny , David H Smith , James Prather , Juho Leinonen , Andrew Luxton-Reilly , Stephen MacNeil

This study examines the feasibility and potential advantages of using large language models, in particular GPT-4o, to perform partial credit grading of large numbers of student written responses to introductory level physics problems.…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-08-21 Zhongzhou Chen , Tong Wan

Feedback on student answers and even during intermediate steps in their solutions to open-ended questions is an important element in math education. Such feedback can help students correct their errors and ultimately lead to improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Mengxue Zhang , Zichao Wang , Richard Baraniuk , Andrew Lan