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Distributed quantum computation is often proposed to increase the scalability of quantum hardware, as it reduces cooperative noise and requisite connectivity by sharing quantum information between distant quantum devices. However, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Abigail McClain Gomez , Taylor L. Patti , Anima Anandkumar , Susanne F. Yelin

Quantum metrology and cryptography can be combined in a distributed and/or remote sensing setting, where distant end-users with limited quantum capabilities can employ quantum states, transmitted by a quantum-powerful provider via a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-06 G. Bizzarri , M. Barbieri , M. Manrique , M. Parisi , F. Bruni , I. Gianani , M. Rosati

Physical constraints and engineering challenges, including wafer dimensions, classical control cabling, and refrigeration volumes, impose significant limitations on the scalability of quantum computing units. As a result, a modular quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Hugo Jacinto , Élie Gouzien , Nicolas Sangouard

Noisy unsharp measurements incorporated in quantum information protocols may hinder performance, reducing the quantum advantage. However, we show that, unlike projective measurements which completely destroy quantum correlations between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Sudipta Mondal , Pritam Halder , Amit Kumar Pal , Aditi Sen De

This work introduces a compact framework for analyzing asynchronous entanglement distribution protocols under realistic error models. We focus on two contemporary protocols: sequential, where entanglement is established one node at a time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Emma Hughes , William Munizzi , Prineha Narang

We develop new routing algorithms for a quantum network with noisy quantum devices such that each can store a small number of qubits. We thereby consider two models for the operation of such a network. The first is a continuous model, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-29 Kaushik Chakraborty , Filip Rozpedek , Axel Dahlberg , Stephanie Wehner

Fidelity estimation is essential for the quality control of entanglement distribution networks. Because measurements collapse quantum states, we consider a setup in which nodes randomly sample a subset of the entangled qubit pairs to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-10 Liangzhong Ruan

We prove the security of a high-capacity quantum key distribution protocol over noisy channels. By using entanglement purification protocol, we construct a modified version of the protocol in which we separate it into two consecutive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Xiao-Wei Zhang , Kai Wen , Gui Lu Long

Hybrid systems comprising superconducting and semiconducting materials are promising architectures for quantum computing. Superconductors induce long-range interactions between the spin degrees of freedom of semiconducting quantum dots.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 Maria Spethmann , Stefano Bosco , Andrea Hofmann , Jelena Klinovaja , Daniel Loss

The global interest in quantum networks stems from the security guaranteed by the laws of physics. Deploying quantum networks means facing the challenges of scaling up the physical hardware and, more importantly, of scaling up all other…

A quantum network distributes quantum entanglements between remote nodes, and is key to many applications in secure communication, quantum sensing and distributed quantum computing. This paper explores the fundamental trade-off between the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Huayue Gu , Zhouyu Li , Ruozhou Yu , Xiaojian Wang , Fangtong Zhou , Jianqing Liu , Guoliang Xue

We describe high-fidelity entangling gates between singlet-triplet qubits (STQs) which are coupled via one quantum state (QS). The QS can be provided by a quantum dot itself or by another confined system. The orbital energies of the QS are…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-08-06 Sebastian Mehl , Hendrik Bluhm , David P. DiVincenzo

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have the potential to demonstrate quantum utility on near-term quantum computers. However, these algorithms often get executed on the highest-fidelity qubits and computers to achieve the best…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Yuqian Huo , David Quiroga , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Tirthak Patel

Rigorously establishing that the error in an experimental quantum operation is beneath the threshold for fault-tolerant quantum computation currently requires considering the worst-case error, which can be orders of magnitude smaller than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-02 Joel J. Wallman

Nowadays, quantum computing has reached the engineering phase, with fully-functional quantum processors integrating hundred of noisy qubits available. Yet -- to fully unveil the potential of quantum computing out of the labs and into…

Quantum computers connected through classical and quantum communication channels can be combined to function as a single unit to run large quantum circuits that each device is unable to execute on their own. The distributed quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Leo Sünkel , Michael Kölle , Tobias Rohe , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Entanglement distribution is key to the success of secure communication schemes based on quantum mechanics, and there is a strong need for an ultimate architecture able to overcome the limitations of recent proposals such as those based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-10 Alexander Streltsov , Remigiusz Augusiak , Maciej Demianowicz , Maciej Lewenstein

We show that the problem of communication in a quantum computer reduces to constructing reliable quantum channels by distributing high-fidelity EPR pairs. We develop analytical models of the latency, bandwidth, error rate and resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Nemanja Isailovic , Yatish Patel , Mark Whitney , John Kubiatowicz

Quantum networks allow for novel forms of quantum nonlocality. By exploiting the combination of entangled states and entangled measurements, strong nonlocal correlations can be generated across the entire network. So far, all proofs of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Sadra Boreiri , Bora Ulu , Nicolas Brunner , Pavel Sekatski

Quantum networking relies on the management and exploitation of entanglement. Practical sources of entangled qubits are imperfect, producing mixed quantum state with reduced fidelity with respect to ideal Bell pairs. Therefore, an important…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-19 Hari Hara Suthan Chittoor , Osvaldo Simeone