Related papers: The averaging principle
A simple proof of the convergence of the variational regularization, with the regularization parameter, chosen by the discrepancy principle, is given for linear operators under suitable assumptions. It is shown that the discrepancy…
Bayesian models of legal arguments generally aim to produce a single integrated model, combining each of the legal arguments under consideration. This combined approach implicitly assumes that variables and their relationships can be…
Meta-learning aims to learn a model that can handle multiple tasks generated from an unknown but shared distribution. However, typical meta-learning algorithms have assumed the tasks to be similar such that a single meta-learner is…
When averages over all starting points are considered, the Type Problem for the recurrence or transience of a simple random walk on an inhomogeneous network in general differs from the usual "local" Type Problem. This difference leads to a…
Most models of complex systems have been homogeneous, i.e., all elements have the same properties (spatial, temporal, structural, functional). However, most natural systems are heterogeneous: few elements are more relevant, larger,…
Ordinal measurements are common outcomes in studies within psychology, as well as in the social and behavioral sciences. Choosing an appropriate regression model for analysing such data poses a difficult task. This paper aims to facilitate…
This paper reports a modified axiomatic foundation of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), where the reciprocal property of paired comparisons is broken. The novel concept of reciprocal symmetry breaking is proposed to characterize the…
This paper considers treatment effects under endogeneity with complex heterogeneity in the selection equation. We model the outcome of an endogenous treatment as a triangular system, where both the outcome and first-stage equations consist…
Meta-analyses are commonly performed based on random-effects models, while in certain cases one might also argue in favour of a common-effect model. One such case may be given by the example of two "study twins" that are performed according…
In economic applications, model averaging has found principal use examining the validity of various theories related to observed heterogeneity in outcomes such as growth, development, and trade.Though often easy to articulate, these…
This paper studies variations of the usual voter model that favor types that are locally less common. Such models are dual to certain systems of branching annihilating random walks that are parity preserving. For both the voter models and…
Unveiling individuals' preferences for connecting with similar others (choice homophily) beyond the structural factors determining the pool of opportunities, is a challenging task. Here, we introduce a robust methodology for quantifying and…
When a prediction algorithm serves a collection of users, disparities in prediction quality are likely to emerge. If users respond to accurate predictions by increasing engagement, inviting friends, or adopting trends, repeated learning…
Computing the reachability probability in infinite state probabilistic models has been the topic of numerous works. Here we introduce a new property called \emph{divergence} that when satisfied allows to compute reachability probabilities…
Many systems involve numerous interacting parts and the whole system can have properties that the individual parts do not. I take this novelty as the defining characteristic of an emergent property. Other characteristics associated with…
This paper presents a novel application of graph neural networks for modeling and estimating network heterogeneity. Network heterogeneity is characterized by variations in unit's decisions or outcomes that depend not only on its own…
We generalize the Susceptible-Infected-Removed model for epidemics to take into account generic effects of heterogeneity in the degree of susceptibility to infection in the population. We introduce a single new parameter corresponding to a…
We discuss the stationary states of a model economy in which $N$ heterogeneous adaptive consumers purchase commodity bundles repeatedly from $P$ sellers. The system undergoes a transition from an inefficient to an efficient state as the…
The world is full of systems of distributed agents, collaborating and competing in complex ways: firms and workers specialise within economies, neurons adapt their tuning across brain circuits, and species compete and coexist within…
A significant element of human cooperative intelligence lies in our ability to identify opportunities for fruitful collaboration; and conversely to recognise when the task at hand is better pursued alone. Research on flexible cooperation in…