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The dramatic confrontation between new observations and theories of the early and recent universe makes cosmology one of the most rapidly advancing fields in the physical sciences. The universe is a unique laboratory in which to probe…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-03 C. J. A. P. Martins

For a few years now, cosmology has a standard model. By this term, we mean a consistent theoretical background which is at the same time simple and broad enough to offer coherent explanations for the vast majority of cosmological phenomena.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-26 Matthias Bartelmann

Many first-order equational theories, such as the theory of groups or boolean algebras, can be presented by a smaller set of axioms than the original one. Recent studies showed that a homological approach to equational theories gives us…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Mirai Ikebuchi

We show that the arrow of time is intimately related to the geometry and topology of the whole universe, and is therefore best understood as a cosmological phenomenon.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-11 Andrea Palessandro

Observational astronomy has shown significant growth over the last decade and has made important contributions to cosmology. A major paradigm shift in cosmology was brought about by observations of Type Ia supernovae. The notion that the…

General Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Ram Gopal Vishwakarma , Jayant V. Narlikar

It is a widespread belief that results like G\"odel's incompleteness theorems or the intrinsic randomness of quantum mechanics represent fundamental limitations to humanity's strive for scientific knowledge. As the argument goes, there are…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-08-30 Markus P. Mueller

The observable universe is necessarily hospitable for life. There are indications, however, that the laws of physics and cosmological parameters need not take the form and values observed, and if they were slightly different life could not…

General Physics · Physics 2012-07-24 Colin S. Coleman

The aim of this thesis is to question some of the basic assumptions that go into building the $\Lambda$CDM model of our universe. The assumptions we focus on are the initial conditions of the universe, the fundamental forces in the universe…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-25 Darsh Kodwani

An interesting consequence of the modern cosmological paradigm is the spatial infinity of the universe. When coupled with naturalistic understanding of the origin of life and intelligence, which follows the basic tenets of astrobiology, and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Milan M. Cirkovic

Cosmological perturbation equations derived from low-energy effective actions are shown to be invariant under a duality transformation reminiscent of electric-magnetic, strong-weak coupling, S-duality. A manifestly duality-invariant…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 R. Brustein , M. Gasperini , G. Veneziano

Will the cosmological multiverse, when described mathematically, have easily stated properties that are impossible to prove or disprove using mathematical physics? We explore this question by constructing lattice multiverses which exhibit…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-09-13 S. Gill Williamson

Universe models with compact spatial sections smaller than the observable universe produce a topological lens effect. Given a catalog of cosmic sources, we estimate the number of topological images in locally hyperbolic and locally elliptic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Lehoucq , Jean-Pierre Luminet , Jean-Philippe Uzan

Recent work on Euler hierarchies of field theory Lagrangians iteratively constructed {}from their successive equations of motion is briefly reviewed. On the one hand, a certain triality structure is described, relating arbitrary field…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 Jan Govaerts

Astrophysical paradoxes are the paradoxes of physics. The main motivation of a formulated paradox is clearly recognized in the scientific environment because the phenomenon of a paradox itself has become interesting. There is an explanation…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2008-12-10 Dragoljub A. Cucic

Arising out of an attempt at a new foundations of mathematics, in which relations are more primitive than sets, and out of the theoretical physicists' concept of underlying causes of empirical phenomena, the idea of a purely mathematical…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2011-11-22 Helier Robinson

This article examines how the physical presence of field energy and particulate matter can be interpreted in terms of the topological properties of space-time. The theory is developed in terms of vector and matrix equations of exterior…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-12-10 R. M. Kiehn

Speculations and theories about the existence of other worlds have a long history. In recent times, the arguments have shifted away from their typical philosophical and theological character to supposedly become more objective thanks to…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2016-07-08 Arturo Sangalli

We show that most of cutoff measures of the multiverse violate some of the basic properties of probability theory when applied repeatedly to predict the results of local experiments. Starting from minimal assumptions, such as Markov…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-01-21 Mahdiyar Noorbala , Vitaly Vanchurin

Our laws of nature and our cosmos appear to be delicately fine-tuned for life to emerge, in a way that seems hard to attribute to chance. In view of this, some have taken the opportunity to revive the scholastic Argument from Design,…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-05-22 Klaas Landsman

A generalized view of Duality is offered as a bridge between physical sciences and the more abstract philosophical dimensions bordering on mysticism. To that end several examples of duality are first cited from from conventional physics…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. N. Mitra