Related papers: A quantitative measure, mechanism and attractor fo…

Collective organization in physical, biophysical, and biological systems often emerges from many weak, local interactions, yet the resulting global structures display striking regularities and apparent limits in diversity. Existing…

Many quantities that characterize network elements are defined in an explicit form and calculated directly from the network structure; examples of include several centrality measures like degree, closeness, or betweenness. However, there…

We propose an operational, quantitative definition of intelligence for arbitrary physical systems. The intelligence density of a system is the ratio of the logarithm of its independent outputs to its total description length. A system…

Computation is commonly defined as the execution of abstract algorithms over symbolic representations, with physical systems treated as substrates that realise predefined operations. While effective for engineered machines, this separation…

We introduce the concept of efficiency of a network, measuring how efficiently it exchanges information. By using this simple measure small-world networks are seen as systems that are both globally and locally efficient. This allows to give…

The disorder and a simple convex measure of complexity are studied for rank ordered power law distributions, indicative of criticality, in the case where the total number of ranks is large. It is found that a power law distribution may…

From flocking birds to schooling fish, organisms interact to form collective dynamics across the natural world. Self-organization is present at smaller scales as well: cells interact and move during development to produce patterns in fish…

Complexity is an interdisciplinary concept which, first of all, addresses the question of how order emerges out of randomness. For many reasons matrices provide a very practical and powerful tool in approaching and quantifying the related…

Terms such as leader, mediator, and follower sound equal in the description of a pack of wolves, a street protest crowd, or a business team and have very similar meanings. This indicates the presence of some general law or structure that…

A new approach for the description of phenomena of social aggregation is suggested. On the basis of psychological concepts (as for instance social norms and cultural coordinates), we deduce a general mechanism for the social aggregation in…

Complex dynamical networks consisting of many components that interact and produce each other are difficult to understand, especially, when new components may appear. In this paper we outline a theory to deal with such systems. The theory…

A substantial number of studies have extended the work on universal properties in physical systems to complex networks in social, biological, and technological systems. In this paper, we present a complex networks perspective on interfirm…

Hierarchy is one of the most conspicuous features of numerous natural, technological and social systems. The underlying structures are typically complex and their most relevant organizational principle is the ordering of the ties among the…

We propose a metric to characterize the complex behavior of a dynamical system and to distinguish between organized and disorganized complexity. The approach combines two quantities that separately assess the degree of unpredictability of…

Nature, technology and society are full of complexity arising from the intricate web of the interactions among the units of the related systems (e.g., proteins, computers, people). Consequently, one of the most successful recent approaches…

Complex networks are formal frameworks capturing the interdependencies between the elements of large systems and databases. This formalism allows to use network navigation methods to rank the importance that each constituent has on the…

Synchronization, in which individual dynamical units keep in pace with each other in a decentralized fashion, depends both on the dynamical units and on the properties of the interaction network. Yet, the role played by the network has…

In the standard minority game, every agent switches to his best strategy in hand at each time step. If only a small number of agents are allowed to switch their strategies at each time step, the population variance of the system plunges.…

The ability to achieve coordinated behavior -- engineered or emergent -- on networked systems has attracted widespread interest over several fields. This interest has led to remarkable advances in developing a theoretical understanding of…

Complexity is a multi-faceted phenomenon, involving a variety of features including disorder, nonlinearity, and self-organisation. We use a recently developed rigorous framework for complexity to understand measures of complexity. We…