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Related papers: Quantifying causal influences

200 papers

Conventional methods in causal effect inferencetypically rely on specifying a valid set of control variables. When this set is unknown or misspecified, inferences will be erroneous. We propose a method for inferring average causal effects…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-14 Ludvig Hult , Dave Zachariah

Real causal processes may contain feedback loops and change over time. In this paper, we model cycles and non-stationary distributions using a mixture of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). We then study the conditional independence (CI)…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-16 Eric V. Strobl

The recent works on causal discovery have followed a similar trend of learning partial ancestral graphs (PAGs) since observational data constrain the true causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) only up to a Markov equivalence class. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tingrui Huang , Devendra Singh Dhami

Inferring the potential consequences of an unobserved event is a fundamental scientific question. To this end, Pearl's celebrated do-calculus provides a set of inference rules to derive an interventional probability from an observational…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Benjamin Heymann , Michel de Lara , Jean-Philippe Chancelier

Causal inference methods for observational data are increasingly recognized as a valuable complement to randomized clinical trials (RCTs). They can, under strong assumptions, emulate RCTs or help refine their focus. Our approach to causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-14 Carlo Berzuini , Davide Luciani , Hiren C. Patel

The use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to represent conditional independence relations among random variables has proved fruitful in a variety of ways. Recursive structural equation models are one kind of DAG model. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Peter L. Spirtes

Background: In longitudinal data, it is common to create 'change scores' by subtracting measurements taken at baseline from those taken at follow-up, and then to analyse the resulting 'change' as the outcome variable. In observational data,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-08 Peter W. G. Tennant , Kellyn F. Arnold , George T. H. Ellison , Mark S. Gilthorpe

Causal structures for observational survival data provide crucial information regarding the relationships between covariates and time-to-event. We derive motivation from the information theoretic source coding argument, and show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Ansh Kumar Sharma , Rahul Kukreja , Ranjitha Prasad , Shilpa Rao

We consider distributions arising from a mixture of causal models, where each model is represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG). We provide a graphical representation of such mixture distributions and prove that this representation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-11 Basil Saeed , Snigdha Panigrahi , Caroline Uhler

Standard diffusion models are flexible estimators of complex distributions, but they do not encode causal structures and therefore do not by themselves support causal analysis. We propose a causality-encoded diffusion framework that…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-24 Li Chen , Xiaotong Shen , Wei Pan

Classical causal and statistical inference methods typically assume the observed data consists of independent realizations. However, in many applications this assumption is inappropriate due to a network of dependences between units in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Rohit Bhattacharya , Daniel Malinsky , Ilya Shpitser

We consider the problem of learning causal Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) using combinations of observational and interventional experimental data. Current methods tailored to this setting assume that interventions either destroy…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-04 Alessandro Mascaro , Federico Castelletti

We consider the problem of learning the underlying causal structure among a set of variables, which are assumed to follow a Bayesian network or, more specifically, a linear recursive structural equation model (SEM) with the associated…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Anamitra Chaudhuri , Anirban Bhattacharya , Yang Ni

We consider modeling a binary response variable together with a set of covariates for two groups under observational data. The grouping variable can be the confounding variable (the common cause of treatment and outcome), gender,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-13 Rasool Tahmasbi , Keyvan Tahmasbi

The causal dependence in data is often characterized by Directed Acyclic Graphical (DAG) models, widely used in many areas. Causal discovery aims to recover the DAG structure using observational data. This paper focuses on causal discovery…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Boxin Zhao , Weishi Wang , Dingyuan Zhu , Ziqi Liu , Dong Wang , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou , Mladen Kolar

Inference of causality is central in nonlinear time series analysis and science in general. A popular approach to infer causality between two processes is to measure the information flow between them in terms of transfer entropy. Using…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2015-04-16 Jie Sun , Erik M. Bollt

In multivariate time series analysis, understanding the underlying causal relationships among variables is often of interest for various applications. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) provide a powerful framework for representing causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-30 Arkaprava Roy , Anindya Roy , Subhashis Ghosal

Directed acyclic graph (DAG) learning is a central task in structure discovery and causal inference. Although the field has witnessed remarkable advances over the past few years, it remains statistically and computationally challenging to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-09 Ryan Thompson , Edwin V. Bonilla , Robert Kohn

The paper concerns the problem of predicting the effect of actions or interventions on a system from a combination of (i) statistical data on a set of observed variables, and (ii) qualitative causal knowledge encoded in the form of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Carlos Brito , Judea Pearl

We describe a formal approach to identify 'root causes' of outliers observed in $n$ variables $X_1,\dots,X_n$ in a scenario where the causal relation between the variables is a known directed acyclic graph (DAG). To this end, we first…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-06 Dominik Janzing , Kailash Budhathoki , Lenon Minorics , Patrick Blöbaum