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Deep research agents rely on iterative retrieval and reasoning to answer complex queries, but scaling test-time computation raises significant efficiency concerns. We study how to allocate reasoning budget in deep search pipelines, focusing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Sahel Sharifymoghaddam , Jimmy Lin

This work examines the expected computational cost to determine an approximate global minimum of a class of cost functions characterized by the variance of coefficients. The cost function takes $N$-dimensional binary states as arguments and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Takuya Isomura

We provide two complexity measures that can be used to measure the running time of algorithms to compute multiplications of long integers. The random access machine with unit or logarithmic cost is not adequate for measuring the complexity…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-02-11 Martin Fürer

In this article, we consider a simple representation for real numbers and propose top-down procedures to approximate various algebraic and transcendental operations with arbitrary precision. Detailed algorithms and proofs are provided to…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2015-09-22 Sarmen Keshishzadeh , Jan Friso Groote

In this paper we investigate the computational aspects of some recently proposed iterative methods for approximating the canonical tight and canonical dual window of a Gabor frame (g,a,b). The iterations start with the window g while the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 A. J. E. M. Janssen , Peter L. Soendergaard

Convergence of classical parallel iterations is detected by performing a reduction operation at each iteration in order to compute a residual error relative to a potential solution vector. To efficiently run asynchronous iterations,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Frédéric Magoulès , Guillaume Gbikpi-Benissan

The Value Iteration (VI) algorithm is an iterative procedure to compute the value function of a Markov decision process, and is the basis of many reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms as well. As the error convergence rate of VI as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jongmin Lee , Amin Rakhsha , Ernest K. Ryu , Amir-massoud Farahmand

Inferring an adversary's goals from exhibited behavior is crucial for counterplanning and non-cooperative multi-agent systems in domains like cybersecurity, military, and strategy games. Deep Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Paul Ghanem , Owen Howell , Michael Potter , Pau Closas , Alireza Ramezani , Deniz Erdogmus , Tales Imbiriba

In [Q. Liao et al., Commun. Math. Sci., 20(2022)], a linear-time Sinkhorn algorithm is developed based on dynamic programming, which significantly reduces the computational complexity involved in solving optimal transport problems. However,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Ziyuan Lyu , Zihao Wang , Hao Wu , Shuai Yang

Bayesian optimization is a sequential method for minimizing objective functions that are expensive to evaluate and about which few assumptions can be made. By using all gathered data to train a Gaussian process model for the function and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Jesse Schneider , William J. Welch

Given a full column rank matrix $A \in \mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$ ($m\geq n$), we consider a special class of linear systems of the form $A^\top Ax=A^\top b+c$ with $x, c \in \mathbb{R}^{n}$ and $b \in \mathbb{R}^{m}$. The occurrence of $c$ in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-11-04 Henri Calandra , Serge Gratton , Elisa Riccietti , Xavier Vasseur

In this paper we provide a detailed analysis of the iteration complexity of dual first order methods for solving conic convex problems. When it is difficult to project on the primal feasible set described by convex constraints, we use the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-16 Ion Necoara , Andrei Patrascu

This paper introduces a discretization-accurate stopping criterion of symmetric iterative methods for solving systems of algebraic equations resulting from the finite element approximation. The stopping criterion consists of the evaluations…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-09-19 Zhiqiang Cai , Shuhao Cao , Robert D. Falgout

In this paper, we propose an orbital iteration based parallel approach for electronic structure calculations. This approach is based on our understanding of the single-particle equations of independent particles that move in an effective…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-11-06 Xiaoying Dai , Xingao Gong , Aihui Zhou , Jinwei Zhu

We introduce a novel eigenvalue algorithm for near-diagonal matrices inspired by Rayleigh-Schr\"odinger perturbation theory and termed Iterative Perturbative Theory (IPT). Contrary to standard eigenvalue algorithms, which are either…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-11-18 Maseim Kenmoe , Ronald Kriemann , Matteo Smerlak , Anton S. Zadorin

We explore the use of expert iteration in the context of language modeling applied to formal mathematics. We show that at same compute budget, expert iteration, by which we mean proof search interleaved with learning, dramatically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Stanislas Polu , Jesse Michael Han , Kunhao Zheng , Mantas Baksys , Igor Babuschkin , Ilya Sutskever

Incremental computation aims to compute more efficiently on changed input by reusing previously computed results. We give a high-level overview of works on incremental computation, and highlight the essence underlying all of them, which we…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yanhong A. Liu

We perform an experimental study of algorithms for online bipartite matching under the known i.i.d. input model with integral types. In the last decade, there has been substantial effort in designing complex algorithms with the goal of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-08-16 Allan Borodin , Christodoulos Karavasilis , Denis Pankratov

In this paper, we propose and study the iteration complexity of an inexact Douglas-Rachford splitting (DRS) method and a Douglas-Rachford-Tseng's forward-backward (F-B) splitting method for solving two-operator and four-operator monotone…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-12-01 M. Marques Alves , M. Geremia

We propose a simple doubly stochastic block Gauss--Seidel algorithm for solving linear systems of equations. By varying the row partition parameter and the column partition parameter of the coefficient matrix, we recover the Landweber…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-07-09 Kui Du , Xiaohui Sun
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