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In this work, we study the color discrepancy of spanning trees in random graphs. We show that for the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph $G(n,p)$ with $p$ above the connectivity threshold, the following holds with high probability: in every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Wenchong Chen , Xiao-Chuan Liu , Xu Yang

We show how to compute the probabilities of various connection topologies for uniformly random spanning trees on graphs embedded in surfaces. As an application, we show how to compute the "intensity" of the loop-erased random walk in…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-22 Richard W. Kenyon , David B. Wilson

We study an equilibrium statistical mechanical model of tree graphs which are made up of a linear subgraph (the spine) to which leaves are attached. We prove that the model has two phases, a generic phase where the spine becomes infinitely…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-14 Thordur Jonsson , Sigurdur O. Stefansson

Consider the nearest neighbor graph for the integer lattice Z^d in d dimensions. For a large finite piece of it, consider choosing a spanning tree for that piece uniformly among all possible subgraphs that are spanning trees. As the piece…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Robin Pemantle

D. Wilson~\cite{[Wi]} in the 1990's described a simple and efficient algorithm based on loop-erased random walks to sample uniform spanning trees and more generally weighted trees or forests spanning a given graph. This algorithm provides a…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-08-29 L. Avena , F. Castell , A. Gaudilliere , C. Melot

Each vertex of an arbitrary simple graph on $n$ vertices chooses $k$ random incident edges. What is the expected number of edges in the original graph that connect different connected components of the sampled subgraph? We prove that the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Jacob Holm , Valerie King , Mikkel Thorup , Or Zamir , Uri Zwick

In this paper we study the component structure of random graphs with independence between the edges. Under mild assumptions, we determine whether there is a giant component, and find its asymptotic size when it exists. We assume that the…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-06-29 Bela Bollobas , Svante Janson , Oliver Riordan

Consider spanning trees on the two-dimensional Sierpinski gasket SG(n) where stage $n$ is a non-negative integer. For any given vertex $x$ of SG(n), we derive rigorously the probability distribution of the degree $j \in \{1,2,3,4\}$ at the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-12-12 Shu-Chiuan Chang , Lung-Chi Chen

We derive two formulas for the weighted sums of rooted spanning forests of particular sequence of graphs by using the matrix tree theorem. We consider cycle graphs with edges so called the pendant edges. One of our formula can be described…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-13 Hajime Fujita , Kimiko Hasegawa , Yukie Inaba , Takefumi Kondo

The problem of spanning trees is closely related to various interesting problems in the area of statistical physics, but determining the number of spanning trees in general networks is computationally intractable. In this paper, we perform…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-04-23 Zhongzhi Zhang , Bin Wu , Yuan Lin

We study the joint components in a random `double graph' that is obtained by superposing red and blue binomial random graphs on $n$~vertices. A joint component is a maximal set of vertices, which contains both a red and a blue spanning…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-08 Mark Jerrum , Tamás Makai

We consider vector fixed point (FP) equations in large dimensional spaces involving random variables, and study their realization-wise solutions. We have an underlying directed random graph, that defines the connections between various…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-09 Veeraruna Kavitha , Indrajit Saha , Sandeep Juneja

The number of spanning trees in a graph $G$ is the total number of distinct spanning subgraphs of $G$ that are trees. In this paper we characterize the unique graph with a prescribed vertex (resp. edge) connectivity, minimum degree and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Shaohan Xu , Kexiang Xu , Ivan Damnjanović

We study a model of random weighted uniform spanning trees on the complete graph with $n$ vertices, where each edge is assigned a weight of $n^{1+\gamma}$ with probability $1/n$ and $1$ otherwise. Whenever $\gamma$ is large enough, we prove…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-29 Umberto De Ambroggio , Luca Makowiec

We prove that the infinite components of the Free Uniform Spanning Forest of a Cayley graph are indistinguishable by any invariant property, given that the forest is different from its wired counterpart. Similar result is obtained for the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-11 Adam Timar

Let $d \geq 3$ be a fixed integer. We give an asympotic formula for the expected number of spanning trees in a uniformly random $d$-regular graph with $n$ vertices. (The asymptotics are as $n\to\infty$, restricted to even $n$ if $d$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-31 Catherine Greenhill , Matthew Kwan , David Wind

We consider the probability that a spanning tree chosen uniformly at random from a graph can be partitioned into a fixed number $k$ of trees of equal size by removing $k-1$ edges. In that case, the spanning tree is called {\em splittable}.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-25 David Gillman , Jacob Platnick , Dana Randall

Uniform spanning trees are a statistical model obtained by taking the set of all spanning trees on a given graph (such as a portion of a cubic lattice in d dimensions), with equal probability for each distinct tree. Some properties of such…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 N. Read

We study the topological structure of random geometric forests $G$ in the Euclidean plane under mild assumptions: non-crossing edges, stationarity, and finite edge intensity. The framework covers a broad range of constructions, including…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Tom Garcia-Sanchez

Let $\mathcal{T}_n$ be the set of all mappings $T:[n]\to[n]$, where $[n]=\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. The corresponding graph $G_T$ of $T$, called a functional digraph, is a union of disjoint connected components. Each component is a directed cycle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Ljuben Mutafchiev , Steven Finch