Related papers: Counting systems and the First Hilbert problem

How best to quantify the information of an object, whether natural or artifact, is a problem of wide interest. A related problem is the computability of an object. We present practical examples of a new way to address this problem. By…

In this paper, we look at how to count the number of elements of a set within the frame of Sergeyev's numeral system. We also look at the connection between the number of elements of a set and the notion of bijection in this new setting. We…

The twin primes conjecture is a very old problem. Tacitly it is supposed that the primes it deals with are finite. In the present paper we consider three problems that are not related to finite primes but deal with infinite integers. The…

We present the concept of the \emph{information efficiency of functions} as a technique to understand the interaction between information and computation. Based on these results we identify a new class of objects that we call…

Continuous first-order logic is used to apply model-theoretic analysis to analytic structures (e.g. Hilbert spaces, Banach spaces, probability spaces, etc.). Classical computable model theory is used to examine the algorithmic structure of…

We open a new field on how one can define means on infinite sets. We investigate many different ways on how such means can be constructed. One method is based on sequences of ideals, other deals with accumulation points, one uses isolated…

The usefulness of parameterized algorithmics has often depended on what Niedermeier has called, "the art of problem parameterization". In this paper we introduce and explore a novel but general form of parameterization: the number of…

We consider the problem of computing the measure of a regular language of infinite binary trees. While the general case remains unsolved, we show that the measure of a language defined by a first-order formula with no descendant relation or…

We survey facts mostly emerging from the seminal results of Alan Cobham obtained in the late sixties and early seventies. We do not attempt to be exhaustive but try instead to give some personal interpretations and some research directions.…

In the present article we describe how one can define Hausdorff measure allowing empty elements in coverings, and using infinite countable coverings only. In addition, we discuss how the use of different nonequivalent interpretations of the…

Sets with atoms serve as an alternative to ZFC foundations for mathematics, where some infinite, though highly symmetric sets, behave in a finitistic way. Therefore, one can try to carry over analysis of the classical algorithms from finite…

Treating divergent series properly has been an ongoing issue in mathematics. However, many of the problems in divergent series stem from the fact that divergent series were discovered prior to having a number system which could handle them.…

We first review and critically examine some basic concepts and ambiguities related to quantum mechanics and quantum measurement to understand the success and shortcomings of current theories. We also touch on ideas regarding expression of…

The primary aim of Hilbert's proof theory was to establish the consistency of classical mathematics using finitary means only. Hilbert's strategy for doing this was to eliminate the infinite (in the form of unbounded quantifiers) from…

This is the first part of a work devoted to the study of linear Mahler systems in several variables from the perspective of transcendence and algebraic independence. We prove two main results concerning systems that are regular singular at…

We indicate a way of distinguishing between structures, for which, two structures are said to be separable.Being separable implies being non-isomorphic. We show that for any first order theory $T$ in a countable language, if it has an…

We develop a new tool, namely polynomial and linear algebraic methods, for studying systems of word equations. We illustrate its usefulness by giving essentially simpler proofs of several hard problems. At the same time we prove extensions…

Finding a physically consistent approach to modelling interactions between classical and quantum systems is a highly nontrivial task. While many proposals based on various mathematical formalisms have been made, most of these efforts run…

In which a review of the concept of countability is done in mathematics, subjecting review some of the theorems so far accepted, showing their inconsistency and also taking concrete elements on the countability of all the powers of the set…

We introduce statistical constraints, a declarative modelling tool that links statistics and constraint programming. We discuss two statistical constraints and some associated filtering algorithms. Finally, we illustrate applications to…