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In recent years, quantum computing technologies have steadily matured and have begun to find practical applications across various domains. One important area is network communication security, where Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Abel C. H. Chen

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers provably secure, information-theoretic key exchange, but in long-distance scenarios without quantum repeaters, Trusted Nodes (TNs) are commonly employed despite introducing critical security risks. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Sumit Chaudhary , Davide Li Calsi , JinHyeock Choi , Marc Geitz , Janis Nötzel

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a provably secure way for two distant parties to establish a common secret key, which then can be used in a classical cryptographic scheme. Using quantum entanglement, one can reduce the necessary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-10 E. A. Aguilar , R. Ramanathan , J. Kofler , M. Pawlowski

Quantum security over long distances with untrusted relays is largely unfounded and is still an open question for active research. Nevertheless, quantum networks based on trusted relays are being built across the globe. However, standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Nilesh Vyas , Paulo Mendes

Key establishment is a crucial primitive for building secure channels: in a multi-party setting, it allows two parties using only public authenticated communication to establish a secret session key which can be used to encrypt messages.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-28 Michele Mosca , Douglas Stebila , Berkant Ustaoglu

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables secure key sharing between distant parties, with several protocols proven resilient against conventional eavesdropping strategies. Here, we introduce a new attack scenario where an eavesdropper, Eve,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Sumit Nandi , Biswaranjan Panda , Pankaj Agrawal , Arun K Pati

Mediated semi-quantum key distribution involves the use of two end-users who have very restricted, almost classical, capabilities, who wish to establish a shared secret key using the help of a fully-quantum server who may be adversarial. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Julia Guskind , Walter O. Krawec

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two remote parties to grow a shared secret key. Its security is founded on the principles of quantum mechanics, but in reality it significantly relies on the physical implementation. Technological…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers unconditional information security by allowing two distant users to establish a common encryption key resilient to hacking. Resultingly, QKD networks interconnecting critical infrastructure and enabling…

The security of the previous quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, which is guaranteed by the nature of physics law, is based on the legitimate users. However, impersonation of the legitimate communicators by eavesdroppers, in practice,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guihua Zeng , Xinmei Wang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) via satellite links is the only currently viable solution to create quantum-backed secure communication at a global scale. To achieve intercontinental coverage with available technology one must adopt a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-14 Gianluca De Santis , Konstantin Kravtsov , Sana Amairi-Pyka , James A. Grieve

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables unconditionally secure symmetric key exchange between parties. However, terrestrial fibre-optic links face inherent distance constraints due to quantum signal degradation. Traditional solutions to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Aitor Brazaola-Vicario , Oscar Lage , Julen Bernabé-Rodríguez , Eduardo Jacob , Jasone Astorga

While QKD ensures information-theoretic security at the link level, real-world deployments depend on trusted repeaters, creating potential vulnerabilities. In this paper, we thus introduce a topology-hiding connectivity assurance protocol…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Margherita Cozzolino , Stephan Krenn , Thomas Lorünser

In this paper we explore how recent technologies can improve the security of optical networks. In particular, we study how to use quantum key distribution (QKD) in common optical network infrastructures and propose a method to overcome its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-16 David Elkouss , Jesus Martinez-Mateo , Alex Ciurana , Vicente Martin

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two remote users to establish a secret key in the presence of an eavesdropper. The users share quantum states prepared in two mutually-unbiased bases: one to generate the key while the other monitors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-03 Nurul T. Islam , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Clinton Cahall , Jungsang Kim , Daniel J. Gauthier

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an approach for establishing symmetrical binary keys between distant users in an information-theoretically secure way. In this paper we provide an overview of existing solutions that integrate QKD within…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Emir Dervisevic , Miralem Mehic

QKD technology is being increasingly adopted inside the network core for protecting information transport against any form of computational attacks. However, the use of QKD for wide-area internetworking is still challenging and costly, due…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises secure key agreement by using quantum mechanical systems. We argue that QKD will be an important part of future cryptographic infrastructures. It can provide long-term confidentiality for encrypted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-25 Douglas Stebila , Michele Mosca , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We report the results of the implementation of a quantum key distribution (QKD) network using standard fibre communication lines in Moscow. The developed QKD network is based on the paradigm of trusted repeaters and allows a common secret…

The secure transfer of information is an important problem in modern telecommunications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a solution to this problem by using individual quantum systems to generate correlated bits between remote…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-02 S. Etcheverry , G. Cañas , E. S. Gómez , W. A. T. Nogueira , C. Saavedra , G. B. Xavier , G. Lima