Related papers: GC3 Biology in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Data on the number of Open Reading Frames (ORFs) coded by genomes from the 3 domains of Life show some notable general features including essential differences between the Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, with the number of ORFs growing linearly…
Mathematical and computational models can assist in gaining an understanding of cell behavior at many levels of organization. Here, we review models in the literature that focus on eukaryotic cell motility at 3 size scales: intracellular…
In higher organisms, all cells share the same genome, but every cell expresses only a limited and specific set of genes that defines the cell type. During cell division, not only the genome, but also the cell type is inherited by the…
The codons, sixtyfour in number, are distributed over the coding parts of DNA sequences. The distribution function is the plot of frequency-versus-rank of the codons. These distributions are characterised by parameters that are almost…
Background. The large-scale pattern of distribution of genes on the chromosomes in the known animal genomes is not well characterized. We hypothesized that individual genes will be distributed on chromosomes in a mathematically ordered…
A central and long-standing issue in evolutionary theory is the origin of the biological variation upon which natural selection acts1. Some hypotheses suggest that evolutionary change represents an adaptation to the surrounding environment…
In this article, we review the different models and methods to understand and estimate correlated evolution within the same genome, individual or species. We describe correlated evolution among traits, among genetic components and finally…
Generalized parton distributions have been introduced in recent years as a suitable theoretical tool to study the structure of the nucleon. Unifying the concepts of parton distributions and hadronic form factors, they provide a…
The enzyme Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyses the decomposition of glucose. The gene that produces the GAPDH is therefore present in a wide class of organisms. We show that for this gene the average value of the…
Generalized parton distributions (GPDs) offer a comprehensive picture of the nucleon structure and dynamics and provide a link between microscopic and macroscopic properties of the nucleon. These quantities, which can be interpreted as the…
Large scale databases are available that contain homologous gene families constructed from hundreds of complete genome sequences from across the three domains of Life. Here we discuss approches of increasing complexity aimed at extracting…
Much evolutionary information is stored in the fluctuations of protein length distributions. The genome size and non-coding DNA content can be calculated based only on the protein length distributions. So there is intrinsic relationship…
The mitosis process of an eukaryotic cell can be represented by the structure constants of an evolution algebra. Any isotopism of the latter corresponds to a mutation of genotypes of the former. This paper uses Computational Algebraic…
Generalized parton distributions provide information on the longitudinal and transverse distribution of partons in the fast moving nucleon. Furthermore, they contain information on the spin structure of the nucleon. First results of a…
The number of available genomes of prokaryotic organisms is rapidly growing enabling comparative genomics studies. The comparison of genomes of organisms with a common phenotype, habitat or phylogeny often shows that these genomes share…
We have generalized our ``unified'' model of evolutionary ecology by taking into account the possible movements of the organisms from one ``patch'' to another within the same eco-system. We model the spatial extension of the eco-system…
Quark-gluon dynamics within protons and high-energy radiation phenomena in the universe are typically regarded as two entirely distinct fields. This paper aims to demonstrate that gluon condensation (GC) may serve as a direct bridge between…
The genes of eukaryotes are characterized by protein coding fragments, the exons, interrupted by introns, i.e. stretches of DNA which do not carry any useful information for the protein synthesis. We have analyzed the melting behavior of…
In this series of three lectures, we discuss several aspects of high energy scattering among hadrons in Quantum Chromodynamics. The first lecture is devoted to a description of the parton model, Bjorken scaling and the scaling violations…
In this paper we will review various aspects of the biology of prions and focus on what is currently known about the mammalian PrP prion. Also we briefly describe the prions of yeast and other fungi. Prions are infectious proteins behaving…