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X-ray free-electron lasers (FEL) deliver ultrabright X-ray pulses, but not the sequences of phase-coherent pulses required for time-domain interferometry and control of quantum states. For conventional split-and-delay schemes to produce…
Advances in the development of free-electron lasers offer the realistic prospect of high-resolution imaging to study the nanoworld on the time-scale of atomic motions. We identify X-ray Fourier Transform holography, (FTH) as a promising…
Super-resolution imaging based on single molecule localization allows accessing nanometric-scale information in biological samples with high precision. However, complete measurements including molecule orientation are still challenging.…
The invention of optical lasers led to a revolution in the field of optics and even to the creation of completely new fields of research such as quantum optics. The reason was their unique statistical and coherence properties. The newly…
X-ray scattering patterns from emerging single particle experiments have commonly many missing or contaminated pixels. This complicates different analyses including projections on Fourier or other basis functions (for noise suppression,…
The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL.EU) will provide unprecedented peak brilliance and ultra-short and spatially coherent X-ray pulses in an energy range of 0.25 to 25 keV . The pulse timing structure is unique with a burst of 2700…
In the field of beam physics, two frontier topics have taken center stage due to their potential to enable new approaches to discovery in a wide swath of science. These areas are: advanced, high gradient acceleration techniques, and x-ray…
Using X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) radiation to conduct an X-ray pump X-ray probe experiment, we studied strongly ionized water as part of our ongoing work on radiation damage. After irradiance with a pump pulse with a nominal fluence…
Absorbing a focused, femtosecond X-ray pulse from a Free-Electron Laser (FEL) can lead to extreme electronic excitations in solids. This excitation drives changes of the electronic system over the course of the pulse duration and the…
This paper gives an account of our progress towards performing femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules in a pump-probe setup combining optical lasers and an X-ray Free-Electron Laser. We present results of…
Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) of single molecules at atomic resolution is a major goal for the x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). However, during an imaging pulse, the fast laser-induced ionization may strongly affect the recorded…
Fluorescence microscopy is widely employed for the analysis of living biological samples; however, the utility of the resulting recordings is frequently constrained by noise, temporal variability, and inconsistent visualisation of signals…
Diffusion models generate new samples by progressively decreasing the noise from the initially provided random distribution. This inference procedure generally utilizes a trained neural network numerous times to obtain the final output,…
Machine learning is attracting surging interest across nearly all scientific areas by enabling the analysis of large datasets and the extraction of scientific information from incomplete data. Data-driven science is rapidly growing,…
Serial electron diffraction (SerialED) is an emerging technique, which applies the snapshot data-collection mode of serial X-ray crystallography to three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED), forgoing the conventional rotation method.…
A nonlinear interaction between photons is observed in a process that involves charge sources. To observe this process in a vacuum, there are a growing number of theoretical and experimental studies. This process may contain exotic…
High-brightness X-ray pulses, as generated at synchrotrons and X-ray free electron lasers (XFEL), are used in a variety of scientific experiments. Many experimental testbeds require optical equipment, e.g Compound Refractive Lenses (CRLs),…
A novel method for fast information retrieval from a probe storage device is considered. It is shown that information can be stored and retrieved using the optical diffraction patterns obtained by the illumination of a large array of…
An interferometric fluorescent microscope and a novel theoretic image reconstruction approach were developed and used to obtain super-resolution images of live biological samples and to enable dynamic real time tracking. The tracking…
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) is a widely used spectroscopic technique, providing access to the electronic structure and dynamics of atoms, molecules, and solids. However, RIXS requires a narrow bandwidth x-ray probe to achieve…