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Quantum information theory, particularly its entropic formulations, has made remarkable strides in characterizing quantum systems and tasks. However, a critical dimension remains underexplored: computational efficiency. While classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Noam Avidan , Thomas A. Hahn , Joseph M. Renes , Rotem Arnon

This paper contains selected applications of the new tangential extremal principles and related results developed in Part I to calculus rules for infinite intersections of sets and optimality conditions for problems of semi-infinite…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-01-24 Boris S. Mordukhovich , Hung M. Phan

The Operator axioms have produced new real numbers with new operators. New operators naturally produce new equations and thus extend the traditional mathematical models which are selected to describe various scientific rules. So new…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Pith Peishu Xie

Literature considers under the name \emph{unimaginable numbers} any positive integer going beyond any physical application, with this being more of a vague description of what we are talking about rather than an actual mathematical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Antonino Leonardis , Gianfranco D'Atri , Fabio Caldarola

In his Foundations of a General Theory of Manifolds, Georg Cantor praised Bernard Bolzano as a clear defender of actual infinity who had the courage to work with infinite numbers. At the same time, he sharply criticized the way Bolzano…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Kateřina Trlifajová

This paper presents a novel numerical optimisation method for infinite dimensional optimisation. The functional optimisation makes minimal assumptions about the functional and without any specific knowledge on the derivative of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Muhammad F. Kasim , Peter A. Norreys

Recent theoretical results confirm that quantum theory provides the possibility of new ways of performing efficient calculations. The most striking example is the factoring problem. It has recently been shown that computers that exploit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Adriano Barenco

In this research notebook in the four-part, quantum computation and applications, quantum computation and algorithms, quantum communication protocol, and universal quantum computation for quantum engineers, researchers, and scientists, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-07 Bhupesh Bishnoi

Functional integrals are central to modern theories ranging from quantum mechanics and statistical thermodynamics to biology, chemistry, and finance. In this work we present a new method for calculating functional integrals based on a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-09-22 Amos A. Hari , Sefi Givli

A new method for computing sums on a quantum computer is introduced. This technique uses the quantum Fourier transform and reduces the number of qubits necessary for addition by removing the need for temporary carry bits. This approach also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Thomas G. Draper

In this vision paper, we explore the challenges and opportunities of a form of computation that employs an empirical (rather than a formal) approach, where the solution of a computational problem is returned as empirically most likely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Eric Tang , Marcel Böhme

This paper describes a type of infinitary computer (a hypercomputer) capable of computing truth in initial levels of the set theoretic universe, V. The proper class of such hypercomputers is called a universal hypercomputer. There are two…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-05-13 Andrew Powell

Residue arithmetic is an elegant and convenient way of computing with integers that exceed the natural word size of a computer. The algorithms are highly parallel and hence naturally adapted to quantum computation. The process differs from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. A. Fulling

The usual $\epsilon,\delta$-definition of the limit of a function (whether presented at a rigorous or an intuitive level) requires a "candidate $L$" for the limit value. Thus, we have to start our first calculus course with "guessing"…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-08-24 Todor D. Todorov

We introduce a new approach for the numerical pricing of American options. The main idea is to choose a finite number of suitable excessive functions (randomly) and to find the smallest majorant of the gain function in the span of these…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2013-10-17 Sören Christensen

This paper focuses on the equivalent expression of fractional integrals/derivatives with an infinite series. A universal framework for fractional Taylor series is developed by expanding an analytic function at the initial instant or the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-12-07 Yiheng Wei , YangQuan Chen , Qing Gao , Yong Wang

We give a~detailed construction of the complete ordered field of real numbers by means of infinite decimal expansions. We prove that in the canonical encoding of decimals neither addition nor multiplication is {\em computable}, but that…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-08-05 Martin Klazar

This contribution is a technical description of details for implementing infinite elements. The novelty is the closed, analytic form used for most quantities.

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Tobias Marx

Discrete mathematics is the foundation of computer science. It focuses on concepts and reasoning methods that are studied using math notations. It has long been argued that discrete math is better taught with programming, which takes…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Yanhong A. Liu , Matthew Castelllana

Computers calculate transcendental functions by approximating them through the composition of a few limited-precision instructions. For example, an exponential can be calculated with a Taylor series. These approximation methods were…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Esteban Real , Yao Chen , Mirko Rossini , Connal de Souza , Manav Garg , Akhil Verghese , Moritz Firsching , Quoc V. Le , Ekin Dogus Cubuk , David H. Park