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Let $G=(V(G),E(G)) $ be a graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. An even factor of $G$ is a spanning subgraph $F$ such that every vertex in $F$ has a nonzero even degree. Note that $\delta(G)\geq 2$ is a trivial necessary…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Jiasheng Li , Xiaoyun Lv , Shoujun Xu

Graph code is a linear code obtained from linear codes $C$ and a certain bipartite graph G. In this paper, I propose an expansion of the definition of graph code to general $l$-partite, and give its lower bound of minimum distance. I also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-27 Naoki Fujii

Let $\mathcal{G}(m,k)$ be the set of graphs with size $m$ and odd girth (the length of shortest odd cycle) $k$. In this paper, we determine the graph maximizing the spectral radius among $\mathcal{G}(m,k)$ when $m$ is odd. As byproducts, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-02 Zhenzhen Lou , Lu Lu , Xueyi Huang

Let $\tau(G)$ denote the spanning tree packing number of a graph $G$. Recently, Zhang and Fan [J. Graph Theory 112 (2) (2026) 128--144] posed the problem of finding a tight spectral radius condition for an $m$-edge-connected graph $G$ to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Yongbin Gao , Ligong Wang

Given a directed graph of nodes and edges connecting them, a common problem is to find the shortest path between any two nodes. Here we show that the shortest path distances can be found by a simple matrix inversion: If the edges are given…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Zeyu Jing , Markus Meister

We prove that all $1$-vertex spatial graphs with adequate diagrams have minimal crossing number, and that spatial graph diagrams obtained by replacing vertices and edges of a planar embedded graph by minimal crossing link or spatial graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-14 Erica Flapan , Hugh Howards

A perfect matching in a graph $G$ is a set of nonadjacent edges covering every vertex of $G$. Motivated by recent progress on the relations between the eigenvalues and the matching number of a graph, in this paper, we aim to present a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-13 Yuke Zhang , Huiqiu Lin

The distance matrix of a connected graph is defined as the matrix in which the entries are the pairwise distances between vertices. The distance spectrum of a graph is the set of eigenvalues of its distance matrix. A graph is said to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-10 Anuj Sakarda , Jerry Tan , Armaan Tipirneni

This paper revisits the study of (minimum) broadcast graphs, i.e., graphs enabling fast information dissemination from every source node to all the other nodes (and having minimum number of edges for this property). This study is performed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Pierre Fraigniaud , Hovhannes A. Harutyunyan

We show that if a graph is k-edge-connected, and we adjoin to it another graph satisfying a "contracted diameter less or equal to 2" condition, with minimal degree greater or equal to k, and some natural hypothesis on the edges connecting…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2008-12-18 José Ignacio Alvarez-Hamelin , Jorge Rodolfo Busch

Given a connected graph $G$, the metric (resp. edge metric) dimension of $G$ is the cardinality of the smallest ordered set of vertices that uniquely identifies every pair of distinct vertices (resp. edges) of $G$ by means of distance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Martin Knor , Snjezana Majstorovic , Aoden Teo Masa Toshi , Riste Skrekovski , Ismael G. Yero

The edge-bandwidth of a graph is the minimum, over all labelings of the edges with distinct integers, of the maximum difference between labels of two incident edges. We prove that edge-bandwidth is at least as large as bandwidth for every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tao Jiang , Dhruv Mubayi , Aditya Shastri , Douglas B. West

In this paper, we give some bounds for principal eigenvector and spectral radius of connected uniform hypergraphs in terms of vertex degrees, the diameter, and the number of vertices and edges.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-30 Haifeng Li , Jiang Zhou , Changjiang Bu

In this paper, we establish a tight sufficient condition for the Hamiltonicity of graphs with large minimum degree in terms of the signless Laplacian spectral radius and characterize all extremal graphs. Moreover, we prove a similar result…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-25 Yawen Li , Yao liu , Xing Peng

Let $\mathcal{G}_{n, \beta^*}$ $(\mathcal{G}^*_{n,\beta^*})$ be the set of all (connected) graphs of order $n$ with fractional matching number $\beta^*$. In this paper, the graphs with maximal spectral radius in $\mathcal{G}_{n,\beta^*}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-13 Qian-Qian Chen , Ji-Ming Guo

This paper presents sufficient conditions for Hamiltonian paths and cycles in graphs. Letting $\lambda\left( G\right) $ denote the spectral radius of the adjacency matrix of a graph $G,$ the main results of the paper are: (1) Let $k\geq1,$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-08 Vladimir Nikiforov

A fractional matching of $G$ is a function $f: E(G)\to [0,1]$ such that $\sum_{e\in E_G(v_i)}f(e)\le 1$ for any $v_i\in V(G)$, where $E_G(v_i)=\{e: e\in E(G) \ \textrm{and}\ e \ \textrm{is incident with} \ v_i\}$. Let $\alpha_f(G)$ denote…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Zengzhao Xu , Weige Xi , Ligong Wang

This paper generalizes and unifies the existing spectral bounds on the $k$-independence number of a graph, which is the maximum size of a set of vertices at pairwise distance greater than $k$. The previous bounds known in the literature…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-28 A. Abiad , G. Coutinho , M. A. Fiol

Let G be a graph of n vertices and m edges, and let G has no cycles of length 4. We give upper bounds on the adjacency spectral radius of G in terms of n and m.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-12-11 Vladimir Nikiforov

The degree-based entropy of a graph is defined as the Shannon entropy based on the information functional that associates the vertices of the graph with the corresponding degrees. In this paper, we study extremal problems of finding the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-01 Yanni Dong , Maximilien Gadouleau , Pengfei Wan , Shenggui Zhang