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We consider a drone-based communication network, where several drones hover above an area and serve as mobile remote radio heads for a large number of mobile users. We assume that the drones employ free space optical (FSO) links for…

Optical communication is an integral part of the modern economy, having all but replaced electronic communication systems. Future growth in bandwidth appears to be on the horizon using structured light, encoding information into the spatial…

In this work, we investigate the performance of a dual-hop multiple relays system consisting of mixed Radio-Frequency (RF)/Free Space Optical (FSO) channels. The RF channels are subject to Rayleigh fading while the optical links experience…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-21 Elyes Balti , Brian K. Johnson

Wavefront of light passing through turbulent atmosphere gets distorted. This causes signal loss in free-space optical communication as the light beam spreads and wanders at the receiving end. Frequency and/or time division multiplexing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-11 Kai Sum Chan , H. F. Chau

Airborne platforms, such as drones, balloons, and aerostats, have recently gained considerable interest in the communication sector. Free-space optical communication (FSOC) systems can deliver information wirelessly at high data rates…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-16 Bereket Kebede

Decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative communication based on free space optical (FSO) links is studied in this letter. We analyze performance of the DF protocol in the FSO links following the Gamma-Gamma distribution. The cumulative…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-05 Manav R. Bhatnagar

In this paper a novel multi-hop relay-assisted hybrid FSO / RF system is presented. It is assumed that direct RF connection between mobile users and source Base Station is impossible, therefore a relay connects RF users to the source Base…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-07-24 Mohammad Ali Amirabadi

The practical implementation of maximum likelihood detection is limited by its high complexity as well as requiring perfect channel state information. Although conventional blind detection techniques reduce complexity, they degrade…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-12 M. A. Amirabadi

Motivated by the ideal peak-to-average-power ratio and radar sensing capability of traditional frequency-coded radar waveforms, this paper considers the frequency shift keying (FSK) based waveform for joint communications and radar (JCR).…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Tian Han , Peter J Smith , Urbashi Mitra , Jamie S Evans , Rajitha Senanayake

Progress in optical wireless communication (OWC) has unleashed the potential to transmit data in an ultra-fast manner without incurring large investments and bulk infrastructure. OWC includes wireless data transmissions in three optical…

Two emerging technologies, cognitive radio (CR) and free-space optical (FSO) communication, have created much interest both in academia and industry recently as they can fully utilize the spectrum while providing cost-efficient secure…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Eylem Erdogan , Ibrahim Altunbas , Nihat Kabaoglu , Halim Yanikomeroglu

Image diversity remains a fundamental challenge for text-to-image diffusion models. Low-diversity models tend to generate repetitive outputs, increasing sampling redundancy and hindering both creative exploration and downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Debin Meng , Chen Jin , Zheng Gao , Yanran Li , Ioannis Patras , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

In this letter, we study the performance of hybrid radio-frequency (RF) and free-space optical (FSO) links using automatic repeat request (ARQ). We derive closed-form expressions for the message decoding probabilities, throughput, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-29 Behrooz Makki , Tommy Svensson , Thomas Eriksson , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

High-throughput optical communication systems utilize binary soft-decision forward error correction (SD-FEC) with bit interleaving over the bit channels. The generalized mutual information (GMI) is an achievable information rate (AIR) in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Tsuyoshi Yoshida , Magnus Karlsson , Erik Agrell

In practical applications to free-space quantum communications, the utilization of active beam coupling and stabilization techniques offers notable advantages, particularly when dealing with limited detecting areas or coupling into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Dohoon Lim , Dongkyu Kim , Kyungdeuk Park , Dong-Gil Im , Yong Sup Ihn

Fluid antenna systems (FAS) offer a promising paradigm for enhancing wireless communication by exploiting spatial diversity, yet a rigorous analytical framework for their error probability has been notably absent. To this end, this paper…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xusheng Zhu , Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Tuo Wu , Kaitao Meng , Chao Wang , Gui Zhou

With a large number of deep space (DS) missions anticipated by the end of this decade, reliable and high-capacity DS communications are needed more than ever. Nevertheless, existing technologies are far from meeting such a goal. Improving…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-21 Sarah Karmous , Nadia Adem , Mohammed Atiquzzaman , Sumudu Samarakoon

In this letter, we analyze the secrecy outage probability (SOP) over fluctuating two-ray fading channels but with a different definition from the one adopted in [5]. Following the new defined SOP, we derive an analytical closed-form…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-30 Hui Zhao , Liang Yang , Gaofeng Pan , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

The fluid antenna system (FAS) has emerged as a new physical-layer concept to provide enhanced propagation conditions for multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications over conventional fixed arrays. This work focuses on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-16 Wenxuan Sun , Mingjie Shao , Luteng Zhu , Yao Ge , Tong Zhang , Zhi Liu

We analysis the performances for the dual-hop fixed gain amplify-and-forward (AF) relay systems operating over mixed radio-frequency (RF) and free-space optical (FSO) links. The RF link is subject to Rician fading and the FSO link…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-11-28 Chao Wei , Zaichen Zhang