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We prove that the set of permutations sorted by a stack of depth $t \geq 3$ and an infinite stack in series has infinite basis, by constructing an infinite antichain. This answers an open question on identifying the point at which, in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-03 Murray Elder , Yoong Kuan Goh

We present a deterministic comparison-based algorithm that sorts sequences avoiding a fixed permutation $\pi$ in linear time, even if $\pi$ is a priori unkown. Moreover, the dependence of the multiplicative constant on the pattern $\pi$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Michal Opler

We initiate the study of sorting permutations using prefix block-interchanges, which exchange any prefix of a permutation with another non-intersecting interval. The goal is to transform a given permutation into the identity permutation…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Anthony Labarre

Packet reordering is an important property of network traffic that should be captured by analytical models of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). We study a combinatorial problem motivated by RESTORED, a TCP modeling methodology that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-11-04 Anders Hansson , Gabriel Istrate

We introduce consecutive-pattern-avoiding stack-sorting maps $\text{SC}_\sigma$, which are natural generalizations of West's stack-sorting map $s$ and natural analogues of the classical-pattern-avoiding stack-sorting maps $s_\sigma$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-28 Colin Defant , Kai Zheng

We study permutations that are sorted by operators of the form $\mathbf{S} \circ \alpha \circ \mathbf{S}$, where $\mathbf{S}$ is the usual stack sorting operator introduced by D. Knuth and $\alpha$ is any $D_8$-symmetry obtained combining…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-24 Mathilde Bouvel , Olivier Guibert

A pattern class is a set of permutations closed under the formation of subpermutations. Such classes can be characterised as those permutations not involving a particular set of forbidden permutations. A simple collection of necessary and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 M. H. Albert , M. D. Atkinson , Robert Brignall

In this paper we examine the sorting operator $T(LnR)=T(R)T(L)n$. Applying this operator to a permutation is equivalent to passing the permutation reversed through a stack. We prove theorems that characterise $t$-revstack sortability in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-08 Mark Dukes

This paper aims to better understand the strengths and limitations of adopting learned-based approaches in sequential sorting numerical data, via two main research steps. First, we study different learned models for distribution-based…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Paolo Ferragina , Mattia Odorisio

Sorting algorithms are fundamental to computer science, and their correctness criteria are well understood as rearranging elements of a list according to a specified total order on the underlying set of elements. As mathematical functions,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Vikraman Choudhury , Wind Wong

In the context of the genome rearrangement problem, we analyze two well known models, namely the block transposition and the prefix block transposition models, by exploiting the connection with the notion of permutation pattern. More…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-09 Giulio Cerbai , Luca Ferrari

A sock ordering is a sequence of socks with different colors. A sock ordering is foot-sortable if the sequence of socks can be sorted by a stack so that socks with the same color form a contiguous block. The problem of deciding whether a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-25 Hung-Hsun Hans Yu

We use an interesting result of probabilistic flavor concerning the product of two permutations consisting of one cycle each to find an explicit formula for the average number of block interchanges needed to sort a permutation of length…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-11-06 Miklos Bona , Ryan Flynn

Using earlier results we prove a formula for the number $W_{(n,k)}$ of 2-stack sortable permutations of length $n$ with $k$ runs, or in other words, $k-1$ descents. This formula will yield the suprising fact that there are as many 2-stack…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-25 Miklós Bóna

We show that the left-greedy algorithm is a better algorithm than the right-greedy algorithm for sorting permutations using t stacks in series when t>1. We also supply a method for constructing some permutations that can be sorted by t…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Rebecca Smith

Inspired by a common technique for shuffling a deck of cards on a table without riffling, we formalize the pile shuffle and investigate its capabilities as a sorting device. Our study is novel in that we consider pile shuffle in three…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Kyle B. Treleaven

Sorting and hashing are two completely different concepts in computer science, and appear mutually exclusive to one another. Hashing is a search method using the data as a key to map to the location within memory, and is used for rapid…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 William F. Gilreath

In this paper, we revisit the much studied problem of Pattern Matching with Swaps (Swap Matching problem, for short). We first present a graph-theoretic model, which opens a new and so far unexplored avenue to solve the problem. Then, using…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-09-19 Pritom Ahmed , Costas S. Iliopoulos , A. S. M. Sohidull Islam , M. Sohel Rahman

We study sorting by queues that can rearrange their content by applying permutations from a predefined set. These new sorting devices are called shuffle queues and we investigate those of them corresponding to sets of permutations defining…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-05 Stoyan Dimitrov

Let $s$ denote West's stack-sorting map. A permutation is called $t-\textit{sorted}$ if it is of the form $s^t(\mu)$ for some permutation $\mu$. We prove that the maximum number of descents that a $t$-sorted permutation of length $n$ can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-02 Colin Defant