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Collatz conjecture is generalized to $3n+3^k$ ($k\in N$). Operating as usual, every sequence seems to reach $3^k$ and end up in the loop $3^k, 4.3^k, 2.3^k,3^k$. The usual $3n+1$ conjecture is recovered for $k=0$. For $k>0$, we noticed the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-12-02 Naouel Boulkaboul

In this work the generalized Collatz problem $qn+1$ ($q$ odd) is studied. As a natural generalization of the original $3n+1$ problem, it consists of a discrete dynamical system of an arithmetical kind. Using standard methods of number…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-01-08 Robert Santos

In the present paper, we are interested in classifying of Collatz sequences on based to the different behavior of these sequences when their lengths tend to infinity. A Collatz infinite sequence can be defined as an infinite ordered set of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-06-03 Raouf Rajab

The aim of this paper is to show a peculiar behavior of a (hypothetical) Collatz sequence going to infinity. We study the associated Syracusa sequence (the odd elements of the former) and show that the limit set of a conveniently normalized…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-04-11 Jorge Salazar

Linear-constraint loops are programs whose transition relation is specified by a system of linear inequalities. The termination problem asks, given a loop, whether it admits an infinite computation. Decidability of termination remains open…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Mishel Carelli

Exploring the Collatz Conjecture and changing the expression from 3n + 1 to 5n + 1, we found patterns in different sets of numbers. Some numbers reduce to one (as stated in the Collatz Conjecture), some might escape to infinity, and some…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-03 Shouvik Ahmed Antu , Raina Shrimali , Miranda Jones

The Collatz Conjecture can be stated as: using the reduced Collatz function $C(n) = (3n+1)/2^x$ where $2^x$ is the largest power of 2 that divides $3n+1$, any odd integer $n$ will eventually reach 1 in $j$ iterations such that $C^j(n) = 1$.…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-10-18 Erhan Tezcan

The Collatz problem is related to the fixed point problem, and is widely used in mathematics. It has attracted a wide range of math enthusiasts, but is still difficult to solve. So, this article aimed to study the extension of the Collatz…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-26 Sensen Chen , Qing-You Sun , Yushu Zhu

The Collatz problem is generalized into $3n + 3^k$ problem. It is shown that as long as the Collatz function iterates converge to the cycle passing through the number 1, the $3n + 3^k$ sequence converges to the cycle passing through the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-02-06 David Barina , W. C. Maat

This paper studies the proof of Collatz conjecture for some set of sequence of odd numbers with infinite number of elements. These set generalized to the set which contains all positive odd integers. This extension assumed to be the proof…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-10-14 Dagnachew Jenber

The \textit{Collatz's conjecture} is an unsolved problem in mathematics. It is named after Lothar Collatz in 1973. The conjecture also known as Syrucuse conjecture or problem. Take any positive integer $ n $. If $ n $ is even then divide it…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-02-12 Farzali Izadi

We introduce an infinite set of integer mappings that generalize the well-known Collatz-Ulam mapping and we conjecture that an infinite subset of these mappings feature the remarkable property of the Collatz conjecture, namely that they…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-10-30 M. Bruschi

We give a generalization of Collatz conjecture or 3n+1 problem on 2-adic completion of Q. A isometric of $Q_2$ provides information on the average behavior of the firsts terms of the sequence according to the class of $u_0$ modulo $2^m$. A…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-11 Vincent Fleckinger , Ibrahim Abdoulkarim

I show here that there are three different kinds of iterations for the reduced Collatz algorithm; depending on whether the root of the number is odd or even. There is only one kind of iteration if the root is odd and two kinds if the root…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-10-28 Leonel Sternberg

The Collatz conjecture, also known as the 3n+1 problem, is one of the most popular open problems in number theory. In this note, an algorithm for the verification of the Collatz conjecture is presented that works on a standard PC for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-25 Andreas-Stephan Elsenhans

The Collatz Conjecture (also known as the 3x+1 Problem) proposes that the following algorithm will, after a certain number of iterations, always yield the number 1: given a natural number, multiply by three and add one if the number is odd,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-28 Matt Hohertz , Bahman Kalantari

The Collatz, or 3x+1, Conjecture claims that for every positive integer n, there exists some k such that T^k(n)=1, where T is the Collatz map. We present three cellular automata (CA) that transform the global problem of mimicking the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-01-15 Sitan Chen

A structured approach for the Collatz conjecture is presented using just the odd integers that are, in turn, divided into categories based on the roles they play such as Starter, Intermediary and Terminal. The expression 4x+1 is used as a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-08-21 Ken Surendran , Desarazu Krishna Babu

The $3x+1$ problem, also called the Collatz conjecture, is a very interesting unsolved mathematical problem related to computer science. This paper generalized this problem by relaxing the constraints, i.e., generalizing this deterministic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-11-25 Bojin Zheng , Yangqian Su , Hongrun Wu , Li Kuang

We study the Collatz total stopping time $\tau(n)$ over $n\le 10^7$ from a probabilistic machine learning viewpoint. Empirically, $\tau(n)$ is a skewed and heavily overdispersed count with pronounced arithmetic heterogeneity. We develop two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-06 Nicolò Bonacorsi , Matteo Bordoni